NAMS 2002 Workshop - ICOM 2008

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EMS Barrer Prize – 6 Thursday July 17, 11:10 AM-11:35 AM, Maui Dialysis Membranes – Continuous Improvements B. Krause (Presenting), Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany - Bernd.Krause@gambro.com M. Storr, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany H. Göhl, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany Today, dialysis membranes are highly engineered separation devices and the manufacturing processes are fully automated. More than 150 million dialyzers having an average surface area of 1.8 m² are manufactured in 2007 world wide to treat patients suffering from chronic kidney failure. The continuous request for increased removal rates of uremic toxins and improved biocompatibility results in new membrane generations. New generations of dialyzers combine different separation principles and functions to increase separation performance and reduce treatment complexity for customers. In addition to the standard dialysis membranes more advanced High Cut-Off membranes have been developed that allow effective removal of substances in the molecular weight range between 25 and 50 kDa (middle molecular weight substances). This unique development gives access to a whole group of new extra-corporeal therapies. One example are patients with multiple myeloma suffering from elevated serum concentrations of monoclonal free light chains (FLCs), which can result in irreversible renal failure secondary to cast nephropathy. Because, elimination of these middle molecular weight compounds is limited by conventional dialysis membranes. We have investigated the removal of FLC using a novel High Cut-Off membrane. This membrane is characterized by a tailored pore size distribution and separation characteristics compared with conventional dialysis membranes. In the first part new developments with dialysis membrane towards multifunctional and biological separation devices will be shown. In the second part in-vitro and in-vivo results using the High-Cut-Off membrane will be presented. Kappa and lambda FLC sieving coefficient and clearance were studied in-vitro in hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration mode. The ability of the membrane to reduce serum free light chain levels in-vivo was investigated in a clinical pilot study with patients who presented with dialysis dependent renal failure and multiple myeloma. With a kappa FLC sieving coefficient of 0.9 measured in human plasma the High Cut-Off membrane is effective in eliminating FLCs. Clearance rates of both FLCs were many times higher using the high cut-off membrane compared with a conventional High Flux dialysis membrane. In patients with multiple myeloma very large quantities of FLCs were removed with High Cut-Off dialysis. This resulted in post treatment reductions in serum FLC concentrations of between 45 and 81%. The removal rates of other
therapy options have been modelled to confirm the advantages of the High-Cut- Off concept. Patients who achieved a sustained reduction in serum FLCs of greater than 65% became dialysis-independent following a mean treatment period of 21 days. Moreover, is has been shown that the mortality of the High Cut-Off membrane treated population decreases drastically. Dialysis membrane research is path leading in the development of multifunctional synthetic and hybrid separation devices. High cut-off membranes exhibit a significant permeability for nephrotoxic free light chain proteins. High cut-off hemodialysis treatments allowed a rapid reduction of serum FLC concentrations in patients with multiple myeloma and dialysis dependent renal failure. Preliminary clinical data suggests that this treatment modality can improve renal outcomes in these patients.
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ICOM 2008 Oral Presentation Proceed
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Professor Yoram Cohen Professor Joh
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ICOM 2008 Staff: The University of
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ICOM 2008 Workshop Schedule: Saturd
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Monday, July 14 - Afternoon Session
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Tuesday, July 15 - Afternoon Sessio
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8:15AM 8:35AM EMS Barrer Prize (Mau
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Friday, July 18 - Morning Sessions
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Oral Presentation Abstracts Morning
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Gas Separation I - 1 - Keynote Mond
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esulting permeability selectivity o
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chain packing. To ensure a well pha
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Gas Separation I - 5 Monday July 14
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satisfactory way the corresponding
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Drinking and Wastewater Application
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an adjusted water management in the
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prospect for new energy sources as
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oxygen removal to the desired pH. C
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(Cl - , SO4 2- , As(V)) and water t
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[1] R. Lima de Miranda, J. Kruse, K
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Polymeric Membranes I - 4 Monday Ju
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Polymeric Membranes I - 5 Monday Ju
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Biomedical and Biotechnology I - 1
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Acknowledgments The Authors acknowl
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isolation of CD34+ cells was achiev
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membranes were then challenged with
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in crossflow mode operation were in
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hydroxide. For Mg/Ca = 0, the fouli
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improvement of filterability also t
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scale where fouling rates are commo
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observed in two subsequence phenome
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Membrane Modeling I - Fundamental A
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Membrane Modeling I - Fundamental A
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of the impact of the operating para
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Oral Presentation Abstracts Afterno
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Hybrid and Novel Processes I - 2 Mo
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Arora, M.B., J.A. Hestekin, S.W. Sn
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Conclusions Reverse electrodialysis
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energy recovery. This is a remarkab
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eaction with mediator due to the co
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Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis
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4.3x10 -6 to 7.4x10 -6 cm 2 /s. Bas
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The development of these membranes
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permeability, defined as water perm
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supports including charged (PSF/SPE
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[4] L. M. Robeson, Journal of Membr
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y conventional polymers and provide
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[3] P.M. Budd, K.J. Msayib, C.E. Ta
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Nanostructured Membranes I - 5 Mond
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Fuel Cells I - 1 Monday July 14, 2:
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investigated at first. As a result,
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Desalination I - 2 Monday July 14,
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Composite Polymeric Membrane Format
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NAMS Alan S. Michaels Award - 1a Tu
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NAMS Alan S. Michaels Award - 2 Tue
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opportunities for improving membran
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NAMS Alan S. Michaels Award - 4b Tu
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[4] K. Vanherck et al. Accepted for
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accumulation had a strong effect on
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and, if so, to develop correlations
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non-porous and porous membranes are
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[2] Palmeri, J., Sandeaux, R. Sande
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fouling. Information obtained from
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This work performed under the auspi
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etween Ru(bi-pyridine)3 2+ and meth
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[1] M. Barboiu, C. Luca, C. Guizard
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Nanostructured Membranes II - 5 Tue
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Nanostructured Membranes II - 6 Tue
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than 10 nm. XRD data suggest that t
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Pervaporation and Vapor Permeation
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ethanol/butanol (non solvent) combi
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forward osmosis, the RO process is
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Osmotically Driven Membrane Process
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References: [1] Stupp, S. I.; Lebon
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temperatures might bring about the
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References [1] S. Benita, Microenca
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solvent, were investigated (where a
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ease of manipulation as this allows
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Horizontal shrinkage does not have
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Absorption of water was determined
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Gas Separation II - 1 - Keynote Tue
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Gas Separation II - 2 Tuesday July
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concentration. These results are co
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Gas Separation II - 5 Tuesday July
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will be shown that homogeneous film
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which can adsorb on the surface of
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were collected, the viable bacteria
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pressure, and permporosimetry with
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Inorganic Membranes I - 3 Tuesday J
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Membrane Fouling - UF & Water Treat
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Membrane Modeling II - Gas Separati
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[10] Wang BG, Lv HL, Yang JC. Chem
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Membrane and Surface Modification I
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Oral Presentation Abstracts Morning
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Gas Separation III - 1 - Keynote We
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Gas Separation III - 2 Wednesday Ju
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separation was next blended with di
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Polymeric Membranes II - 1 - Keynot
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Polymeric Membranes II - 3 Wednesda
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Polymeric Membranes II - 4 Wednesda
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Page 349 and 350: Ultra- and Microfiltration II - Pro
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5. Conclusion In this work, the evo
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Oral Presentation Abstracts Afterno
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an essentially pure H2 product is c
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In the presentation, we will presen
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was observed, indicative of the sim
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References Arora, M.B., J.A. Hestek
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performance of fibers is analyzed a
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Membrane Fouling III - RO & Biofoul
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[4] H. Noureddini, Book of Abstract
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component (PX, OX) separation via p
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Generally these results were in goo
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introduction of methyl groups into
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separation quality (10 µS/cm) and
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Desalination II - 3 Thursday July 1
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drop are linearly related (although
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antiscalant oxidation has been limi
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oth 15±5 kDa, which suggests that
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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and
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y single gas permeation experiments
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PDMS toplayers were only partially
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noting that cross-linking agents co
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such extended parameter space in th
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Hybrid Membranes - 6 Thursday July
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Plenary Lecture III Friday July 18.
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Gas Separation V - 1 - Keynote Frid
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References: [1] H. Lin, E. Van Wagn
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elative contributions of Fickian di
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Gas Separation V - 4 Friday July 18
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Gas Separation V - 6 Friday July 18
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Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses
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- Hybrid RO train: A hybrid RO trai
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concentration as well as on the sod
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scaling deposits in the DCMD device
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Silica colloidal solution with diff
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Membrane Fouling IV - RO & Desalina
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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) UF membrane
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the polymer dope was PEI (12 wt%),
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Inorganic Membranes III - 1 - Keyno
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Inorganic Membranes III - 2 Friday
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CO2/H2 selectivity at high temperat
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ammonia complexes in aqueous soluti
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possible to have a membrane capable
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fired boiler flue gas, SOx and merc
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EPR/Ago/p-benzoquinone composite sh
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elated to the presence of free elec
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surroundings. When the temperature
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that no absorbent was detected in t
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days of filtration from 120 to 7-10
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was performed to restore membrane f
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with the SRT of 65 days, no correla
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Results Critical flux measurements
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MLSS is not directly proportional t
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Fuel Cells III - 2 Friday July 18,
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Fuel Cells III - 4 Friday July 18,
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Ultra- and Microfiltration III - Me
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can be deduced from the imaginary p
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membranes. The analysis of the ligh
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Membrane Contactors - 2 Friday July
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absorption liquid in the pores of t
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Packaging and Barrier Materials - 1
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Historically, all the approaches de
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