L./f*A tuf ac.-lL,;l u sV})

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zinc @nenlBrion war lignifi@rty toer o o,S rhoe who *qr @nsidqqt ,,soa i, ot 'rdJ*J Danl ./ ul (2000) nuded rhN( peoote wifi ionieticidcy lndis de hav. obilir) ro iLupr o rhe @tJ. l\R R du? ro an impsrmcnr of rhen bod, lempenture €Bulation via!D influqc on rhyoiJ tuncrioD. Bhct (2001) srdql th.r zi.c defici.ncy is pevalml ih devctopinS counrri€s { hs dvee etr*t3 on child t.6hh. Decrclsd or abioont inDqF funcrion in childq c.n mur.s a cons.q!.n*of zinc defioieocy. conto cd kiols 6fzim supplcn4ldion in llt. prcvc[tion otiilecdous disess huE dcmoNrrortd r.duqiom in th! irci{r.@s of pncunDd! dtrd 'lidrn€o, n8leria, dp ho$ @nnon qE of ddth in .bitdM in d.rctoping@unua. 2.2 Diel.ry !ourc.s ot iroo.nd ztnc M<strong>ac</strong>phail ?r ol (1972) expbined tho( irotr h widety dbr.ibut d in nd, eggs, rcserrblcsa.dcc@ls(oppmi,t-snyldokcal)!!r ,elevetihhilk,drinkinghtr.nd in vc8.lobl€s ol high wdler conlenr3 is low Hem im Ep|*nr3 3G?o% ot$. bt l ircn in lan h@l ed is llwlys *.1 ,!sod.d. Nariool Res(h Councrt 98o) repon.J rhrl bio,wihbitny urZn in JiffeE,r r@ds vaiB wid.ly lom 5 ro 500,4. Mc4 saiood (oysteB) lnd river <strong>ac</strong> sood solrcs of bioav.ilable Zn. lr hs ben.stihsted rh:t ?O % otdiels.y zn iD rh. lrs di.t is providat cib$tr (1994) aid Shrjmpron (19e3) nored lal zinc delcicrcy mons wen, irlanls lnd childEn 'Ey be B widBprcad 8tobatty s ion d.ficirncy 6€!@ rh. dier0ry sources ollhe m6st bioavaihble ircn (i.e. .nimal nEts) !re lte rh. mosl impodaN sdrcsof bi@vrllobleZn p€.pl.,sdicle. S3hdsted (t995) no.d.d rlBt in nEny pons ofdE wortd, host oaltE zinc is Fovitlcd by mok. The bioovaitabitily ot zinc con be tow t@m pknt bosd dhr in Plnmltu font whol. goin cerlols ud tegumcs owilg to llE high @nt n& ofDhyic .cid, a porcn. inhibiror oazinc absorprion. BDwn sr al. (2001) r.poned dut orgss trd fl6h or nMm.h, fowl od filh ft rhc iclest aood sourEs of zi'rc ond tlEse taods do not @nbin phyht q dr@foE they te pon'cular 8ood sourcd ot ab$rhabk zinc. Most cc@ts and tegumes have an
inrermedi0r€ ldcl of zinc b( rhcn hish phyhrs tunretrt reduocs rh€ amouDr ofzin. a$ilable aor alboDrion. rcrsusn d, ot (193r) sro.ed thar ziN is ona kcxrru or pftetrt rn ! poorry absbrble lom in th. didj of th€ p@r amitia. Zn,c h pttgi ir hiBh conEi|mtiq ii plad roodsrLf iit'l'Jrdl(rwhrt,nay,nhrbirirs,bsorprion. Bown zr ar (t998) .xptain.d $ol zinc is p@.t in highe. oon@nr(ion i! min8l producB rlch s tiu ad ed D€r which d onq *Fns,rc ed no. grm ro th. Hur€tt (1999i st.tql rhor whotc erc.t emir oE sd sou@ of nnr.r.b and vrllmns, uutrhe mittin! reluces de t.vetofnicronotienc conhined. For.@Dte IOO B ofwholc $ieot nour suppties 22yo ot notr rcconftend€d di€tary i..!ke bul IOO e ot n llcd whir€ flolr suppli.ionty 6% otRDt tor ion, Fod'ficarion otiourw ,30ppm imn csrores rhd bock 'ortreqhotcwhe!rtevc., 2.3 Fortifi..tioD- Neod iod Advrnt.S.s Ausun ( 1979) €xplai.ed thdr hill€i ereals 6ltow tor lte @nomiel sd .mcienr addnion of .utichc b@rue rey arc gen.ra y €nrrily pb@r*,1 in t4g., on.n @nrinuous hilling oFErions Tte t&hnotogy tor fodiryins ceMrs is wll erlblished, Mjlls ih Englond, Cunada dr rtrc Unikd Srar* have beo rouriEt, tbnifyirg florr sine lhe ddy 1940s, llowever, $n do.s nor nresn that r enrrcry p,oocssqt oonho
Page 1 and 2: - 7tb L./f*A tuf ac.-lL,;l u sV}) I
Page 3 and 4: Th. Coni.oll.r of Exmln.rions ,ry-'
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements IN THE NAME OF ALL
Page 7 and 8: sni-- - M I ffi' tu. ffi LIST OF TA
Page 9 and 10: 1 ; -l ; 1 ; lr''tf,m (ft, smmhid i
Page 11 and 12: . - :flr;i,fq%n; rd'--',f il;mil *@
Page 13 and 14: mTm:im-ffir*;; &;u.-F;a ;;d,i c.yh?
Page 15 and 16: - aneDio ir Patisan.Thcscrprlpodion
Page 17 and 18: ioav{il.bilily ofzi c (p6!d, t99t).
Page 19 and 20: Bodrwelt€/ a/. (t9?9) rel)on d rl
Page 21 and 22: defi.icncy, Unfo4unat ly, rh.E sr n
Page 23 and 24: pr* in I msl os tonificqnrs. Ue rer
Page 25: llaUh.rs (t99) rcponcd rhd durins !
Page 29 and 30: El Cuindiel a/. (1988) E oncd rhd*h
Page 31 and 32: 2.4 Stomge s(!bitiiy -physico_ctren
Page 33 and 34: lhlreby cdusing ! r.'npeBrur. ri$ i
Page 35 and 36: tlrn dDs vith a tows hEt of for fiq
Page 37 and 38: Be{.d.r ai. (1990) €poned iron d.
Page 39 and 40: delled th.l nelaronin has a lt'ybid
Page 41 and 42: iinuence on zn obsoerion. tre.od Zn
Page 43 and 44: erowlh 0t a RG rar could be expecre
Page 45 and 46: ioavailobiiiry and histoty ol:usc.
Page 47 and 48: An.. cooling i[ ttE ice worer lor 1
Page 49 and 50: 'lhe lbllowirS r.€orm.trt @mbi.at
Page 51 and 52: 1.9. Aralysk of ptssma 3.9.1. fl!sm
Page 53 and 54: disritt€rl wsk., j{rd. S;tn.dnd s
Page 55 and 56: cOT subsrBre lsoqrt) was pipcrro in
Page 57 and 58: 4.1.1 CheDic!t rlstyj.s oI flours 4
Page 59 and 60: 9 8 'I 6 3 2 I 0 ' Anbienr Cdrollcd
Page 61 and 62: L.mour r, al ( 196 t) Eponcd q! €
Page 63 and 64: as 6h is dE,ninedt nrue, prescd h d
Page 65 and 66: advmc.n srog. ot dderioFrion tujun
Page 67 and 68: @ord.tt jlsr !n!r sroEs. ot ! fonni
Page 69 and 70: .40 1.20 0.60 0,40 0r0 2 1.5 l,r0 s
Page 71 and 72: Th. inrcdcrivc .{Ist of sro6B. p€
Page 73 and 74: T I ! I , I ! 1$ RE t; 35i ;a 3-c a
Page 75 and 76: i 3 E c I F. i6 € & a ,? btE a L
Page 77 and 78:
(unaonified whole wheat oou emrtc}
Page 79 and 80:
sbowed signifi@r crTecr on zinc con
Page 81 and 82:
4.1.2.4 Copp.r Conrenr Th. ntu squG
Page 83 and 84:
sdDptes sordd in th boxes (rig,24),
Page 85 and 86:
t i ! It: 6 ;II 9t 2 E 2 j a I hibt
Page 87 and 88:
The t€ah.nrs clrer wos tound ro b
Page 89 and 90:
4.1.3.3 Cob.lt Conr.nt' The m..h sq
Page 91 and 92:
4.1.3.5 M.Dg!tres€ Conr€nt lhe
Page 93 and 94:
T ! 3 € E Je AE Ce t- ic F? jF FS
Page 95 and 96:
ae nour sfrtt6 c a tudion of bn*ina
Page 97 and 98:
4.1.5.1 Wrt.r Ablorptiou Th€ c.ri
Page 99:
4.1.5.2 Doogh Devetopd.bt Tim. Th.
Page 102 and 103:
40. Thc dough devrtopnur;rihe *as i
Page 104 and 105:
whol. *hc.t flour ehptq ofTr gav. n
Page 106 and 107:
I -2,1{10 aroort t t600 Tr2oo E roo
Page 108 and 109:
t :i E i 6 I a g s fi E 3 i ! 5 a a
Page 110 and 111:
,t 6 Aa TI T? T3 T4 rt !! L.Dnht.k
Page 112 and 113:
E t I n "'! ;l r3 :TR ia 1i t! rl.t
Page 114 and 115:
film rcsp€djvcnour samplcs. Theov
Page 116 and 117:
l6 I gu '|&5?|rfu.ddo..4 Lq44I]. s!
Page 118 and 119:
t e B 3 *; !E !{a -{t F F $t ;n E:
Page 120 and 121:
OMN| (t996 ) EDort d lhal non is a
Page 122 and 123:
I E 3 2 5 3 2 6 5 01J104560 ry oEh.
Page 124 and 125:
g. c a i d J c9 iI gs 8F !F s$ 5e C
Page 126 and 127:
Hani$n €r al (1976) r.pon n thor
Page 128 and 129:
I. 5 le{rld{D'j
Page 130 and 131:
I t I t t i I I I I! t t !I
Page 132 and 133:
c' 62 ll srnF Prdc. (&rr) f"'ra.orf
Page 134 and 135:
& , I I t ct9 !F IF F! 68 Fi vrE I8
Page 136 and 137:
oach.pdris h6 ben slwn in tabtss l7
Page 138 and 139:
al €2 g6 !5 €r n.-7'Ed..0.!'6]1
Page 140 and 141:
1 he s@ sivq ro fotd.bitiry sil @oi
Page 142 and 143:
signifi@t clter on n;utd @(nr. The
Page 144 and 145:
I a t J ilt t i'o t- -o 5; I; ll 8
Page 146 and 147:
E t : a- AF F: a: ee F3 q; EB gF !
Page 148 and 149:
ilr EI; : li ,qtE !F €ti "ae $tr
Page 150 and 151:
t ! I I - e e 6 ilI t r i E! F a6 T
Page 152 and 153:
3 I $ a F rl tt T ! ;;]E B 3 el t!
Page 154 and 155:
I E 3 i A I 5 ti zE R I E ! i a ::
Page 156 and 157:
4.4.2 Plasm! Iioclenlslry The @ulB
Page 158 and 159:
i tI a i 6 a a a c I; a E F EI ata
Page 160 and 161:
t i, 5 I :p ti { s q a I ;! E: c 3
Page 162 and 163:
a .t q ; t bl F x q x T I ;E ;i : c
Page 164 and 165:
4.4.2.5 Proreio, ctobulir and Atbun
Page 166 and 167:
t I I s i s I; € !I 3 F ;a t: €
Page 168 and 169:
4.4.2.6 (cOT) ctutan.te O!.to...a.t
Page 170 and 171:
E 2 I !a a H F c a a II F 5 € I i
Page 172 and 173:
4.4.2.8Tr odornyrort.. (Tj) rnd,I,t
Page 174 and 175:
I e ? E : ri q 2 i! F I I 6 it ;i
Page 176 and 177:
v6 no ellel of22n8 ofzn on lhe.b$Fr
Page 178 and 179:
t E s F t z ai E I :! a.- ,i !l ;;
Page 180 and 181:
4..1.3.{ Zl.c i. pl..@! fi. lnrkliq
Page 182 and 183:
'!t the ituorption of zinc is atrec
Page 184 and 185:
! t e 3 E s 3 !i =E !l T T :t i! a,
Page 186 and 187:
clrrged pluphst sroups, ptrtlic aci
Page 188 and 189:
i i ig rE g a I a 4 fi e E 6 € a
Page 190 and 191:
ned toi ion in the qp.rimdrlt .ak i
Page 192 and 193:
'fh€ faec.l iinc €xcrerion w.s
Page 194 and 195:
!t :T * T E3 ::E F E ! I * a q g a
Page 196 and 197:
Mod ($e c@l4 .irDllt.tD$d.u !. d. r
Page 198 and 199:
, cr|'|Il-U SUilMNT In Pakistdi, wh
Page 200 and 201:
*as afrechd si8triltc6nr,, by rhe s
Page 202 and 203:
Th€ N$eEDTA di{t nor exhibir otry
Page 204:
Conclusions Following @nctulim qn b
Page 207 and 208:
uIIttTt$Gm! aACC. 2000. Approv.d M
Page 209 and 210:
Bcrid J, Aor.l M a tet4o. FJ. t997,
Page 211 and 212:
cerko*k' s.r, Dcrld E snd MG s@ton.
Page 213 and 214:
El-6ujdi M, I-ynch SR dd Coot JD, t
Page 215 and 216:
loua W .nd L.nesch H.,.r931. Slnsir
Page 217 and 218:
L{u.n T and Sbdsrrom 8,t992 (b), EI
Page 219 and 220:
N.$ers YH, cuu$ cR, Acton RT, Atvar
Page 221 and 222:
Rev.s PC, Ni.tet$n fH lnd F.hcy CC,
Page 223 and 224:
Strlliran B tgt3.AMtysis ofth. elen
Page 225 and 226:
^FF dh r. ^8D.. bnFarr ac) tld rtL{
Page 227 and 228:
Appendix-2 SEN$ORY EVALUATION FORI{
Page 229 and 230:
I : ! I 6 ! n gi trE I € 5 6 3 E
Page 231 and 232:
I 3 ! I ,3: ? a : : q e a c 3 6 a B
Page 233 and 234:
t E t e 3 € I 3 4 I .{€ c E i ;
Page 235 and 236:
E 3 I c I t 3 E 6 T 6 3 ! g: : -q 3
Page 237 and 238:
t 6 6 6 ! .! I I ! .i: 'E I e e s d
Page 239 and 240:
F 6 I il I s : q q I E a a p E a 3
Page 241 and 242:
E ; .l 6 F i 3 i E d it ;l :l €l
Page 243 and 244:
I € ! p F a j s x a s 9 q 3 $ F $
Page 245 and 246:
I e a a e R s : $ E : i q q 3i a q
Page 247 and 248:
T E I E e fl F s I ts E p 3 F F E p
Page 249 and 250:
J a a F q- x ? s s a ; a d E E n ?
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