L./f*A tuf ac.-lL,;l u sV})

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DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS AS THEY FORX THE 9ORE . OF IY.EXISTENCE,
Acknowledgements IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE COMPASSIONATE, THE ERCIFUL BLsslngs arc tor Hoty prophet Muhammad (qAUH) Who rs the .ea! soutce ot hnowtadge an., wtsdon Credit goes ro my worthy suporviso. Dr, F.ql. Ntuhamrnad Anjum, prot6$o, anrt Oir4tor, Insriture of Food Scien@ and T€chnotogy, who rea y had to .xr.acl and 3qu€e4 the time from iis lighr s.hedute to superuise m€ lhroughout my My heartlesr lhanks a.e tor Dr.Saleom-ur_R€hman, Associare Frorossor, lfslitute ot Food Science and T€chnology for hi6 guEance ano co.poration rcgarding thls €soarch endeavor I exlend my p.otound gralitude to Dr, wtunkA Sheikh, Chailmao and profe$or, Departmed of Chemislry, for his scnotady guldance and frjendty a,f6ction tow..ds lho mpletion of thi6 manu.cript. I en not ar cotare my deepesl 6€m€ ot gr.t.Ish6s br Drzta U, R.hmrtr Prol4sor, Deparhent ot physiotogy and phama@togy wnos€ snc6G suppod and consbtenl hetp enabt€d ms lo accomptish my.6s€a.ch work. I would ttk6 lo €xrend my sens€ ot g.atotutn€ss lor my n€nds es!€clalv M..Anwar Ahmed , Mr.Um€r Fs.ooq, [1r, mtiaz Ahmed and Mr. Zutfiqar Ati Saifl lor lh€ir supporl and encouragement. Befo€ I linish, I woutd tike lo ftank my belov€d moner whom I am r€. v ,ndebl€d to, Ior her prays .nd perrEtuat encouragemem I woutd .ot hav6 evor ban poslible to achieve a.y Ooat in my tife wihour n6r suppon, bv6 and guldanco, My wife and kjds realy dessrv€ to be app€ciar€d for spadng m6 to havo lhis task latisfacbnty 6ompt6l.ti.
Page 1 and 2: - 7tb L./f*A tuf ac.-lL,;l u sV}) I
Page 3: Th. Coni.oll.r of Exmln.rions ,ry-'
Page 7 and 8: sni-- - M I ffi' tu. ffi LIST OF TA
Page 9 and 10: 1 ; -l ; 1 ; lr''tf,m (ft, smmhid i
Page 11 and 12: . - :flr;i,fq%n; rd'--',f il;mil *@
Page 13 and 14: mTm:im-ffir*;; &;u.-F;a ;;d,i c.yh?
Page 15 and 16: - aneDio ir Patisan.Thcscrprlpodion
Page 17 and 18: ioav{il.bilily ofzi c (p6!d, t99t).
Page 19 and 20: Bodrwelt€/ a/. (t9?9) rel)on d rl
Page 21 and 22: defi.icncy, Unfo4unat ly, rh.E sr n
Page 23 and 24: pr* in I msl os tonificqnrs. Ue rer
Page 25 and 26: llaUh.rs (t99) rcponcd rhd durins !
Page 27 and 28: inrermedi0r€ ldcl of zinc b( rhcn
Page 29 and 30: El Cuindiel a/. (1988) E oncd rhd*h
Page 31 and 32: 2.4 Stomge s(!bitiiy -physico_ctren
Page 33 and 34: lhlreby cdusing ! r.'npeBrur. ri$ i
Page 35 and 36: tlrn dDs vith a tows hEt of for fiq
Page 37 and 38: Be{.d.r ai. (1990) €poned iron d.
Page 39 and 40: delled th.l nelaronin has a lt'ybid
Page 41 and 42: iinuence on zn obsoerion. tre.od Zn
Page 43 and 44: erowlh 0t a RG rar could be expecre
Page 45 and 46: ioavailobiiiry and histoty ol:usc.
Page 47 and 48: An.. cooling i[ ttE ice worer lor 1
Page 49 and 50: 'lhe lbllowirS r.€orm.trt @mbi.at
Page 51 and 52: 1.9. Aralysk of ptssma 3.9.1. fl!sm
Page 53 and 54: disritt€rl wsk., j{rd. S;tn.dnd s
Page 55 and 56:
cOT subsrBre lsoqrt) was pipcrro in
Page 57 and 58:
4.1.1 CheDic!t rlstyj.s oI flours 4
Page 59 and 60:
9 8 'I 6 3 2 I 0 ' Anbienr Cdrollcd
Page 61 and 62:
L.mour r, al ( 196 t) Eponcd q! €
Page 63 and 64:
as 6h is dE,ninedt nrue, prescd h d
Page 65 and 66:
advmc.n srog. ot dderioFrion tujun
Page 67 and 68:
@ord.tt jlsr !n!r sroEs. ot ! fonni
Page 69 and 70:
.40 1.20 0.60 0,40 0r0 2 1.5 l,r0 s
Page 71 and 72:
Th. inrcdcrivc .{Ist of sro6B. p€
Page 73 and 74:
T I ! I , I ! 1$ RE t; 35i ;a 3-c a
Page 75 and 76:
i 3 E c I F. i6 € & a ,? btE a L
Page 77 and 78:
(unaonified whole wheat oou emrtc}
Page 79 and 80:
sbowed signifi@r crTecr on zinc con
Page 81 and 82:
4.1.2.4 Copp.r Conrenr Th. ntu squG
Page 83 and 84:
sdDptes sordd in th boxes (rig,24),
Page 85 and 86:
t i ! It: 6 ;II 9t 2 E 2 j a I hibt
Page 87 and 88:
The t€ah.nrs clrer wos tound ro b
Page 89 and 90:
4.1.3.3 Cob.lt Conr.nt' The m..h sq
Page 91 and 92:
4.1.3.5 M.Dg!tres€ Conr€nt lhe
Page 93 and 94:
T ! 3 € E Je AE Ce t- ic F? jF FS
Page 95 and 96:
ae nour sfrtt6 c a tudion of bn*ina
Page 97 and 98:
4.1.5.1 Wrt.r Ablorptiou Th€ c.ri
Page 99:
4.1.5.2 Doogh Devetopd.bt Tim. Th.
Page 102 and 103:
40. Thc dough devrtopnur;rihe *as i
Page 104 and 105:
whol. *hc.t flour ehptq ofTr gav. n
Page 106 and 107:
I -2,1{10 aroort t t600 Tr2oo E roo
Page 108 and 109:
t :i E i 6 I a g s fi E 3 i ! 5 a a
Page 110 and 111:
,t 6 Aa TI T? T3 T4 rt !! L.Dnht.k
Page 112 and 113:
E t I n "'! ;l r3 :TR ia 1i t! rl.t
Page 114 and 115:
film rcsp€djvcnour samplcs. Theov
Page 116 and 117:
l6 I gu '|&5?|rfu.ddo..4 Lq44I]. s!
Page 118 and 119:
t e B 3 *; !E !{a -{t F F $t ;n E:
Page 120 and 121:
OMN| (t996 ) EDort d lhal non is a
Page 122 and 123:
I E 3 2 5 3 2 6 5 01J104560 ry oEh.
Page 124 and 125:
g. c a i d J c9 iI gs 8F !F s$ 5e C
Page 126 and 127:
Hani$n €r al (1976) r.pon n thor
Page 128 and 129:
I. 5 le{rld{D'j
Page 130 and 131:
I t I t t i I I I I! t t !I
Page 132 and 133:
c' 62 ll srnF Prdc. (&rr) f"'ra.orf
Page 134 and 135:
& , I I t ct9 !F IF F! 68 Fi vrE I8
Page 136 and 137:
oach.pdris h6 ben slwn in tabtss l7
Page 138 and 139:
al €2 g6 !5 €r n.-7'Ed..0.!'6]1
Page 140 and 141:
1 he s@ sivq ro fotd.bitiry sil @oi
Page 142 and 143:
signifi@t clter on n;utd @(nr. The
Page 144 and 145:
I a t J ilt t i'o t- -o 5; I; ll 8
Page 146 and 147:
E t : a- AF F: a: ee F3 q; EB gF !
Page 148 and 149:
ilr EI; : li ,qtE !F €ti "ae $tr
Page 150 and 151:
t ! I I - e e 6 ilI t r i E! F a6 T
Page 152 and 153:
3 I $ a F rl tt T ! ;;]E B 3 el t!
Page 154 and 155:
I E 3 i A I 5 ti zE R I E ! i a ::
Page 156 and 157:
4.4.2 Plasm! Iioclenlslry The @ulB
Page 158 and 159:
i tI a i 6 a a a c I; a E F EI ata
Page 160 and 161:
t i, 5 I :p ti { s q a I ;! E: c 3
Page 162 and 163:
a .t q ; t bl F x q x T I ;E ;i : c
Page 164 and 165:
4.4.2.5 Proreio, ctobulir and Atbun
Page 166 and 167:
t I I s i s I; € !I 3 F ;a t: €
Page 168 and 169:
4.4.2.6 (cOT) ctutan.te O!.to...a.t
Page 170 and 171:
E 2 I !a a H F c a a II F 5 € I i
Page 172 and 173:
4.4.2.8Tr odornyrort.. (Tj) rnd,I,t
Page 174 and 175:
I e ? E : ri q 2 i! F I I 6 it ;i
Page 176 and 177:
v6 no ellel of22n8 ofzn on lhe.b$Fr
Page 178 and 179:
t E s F t z ai E I :! a.- ,i !l ;;
Page 180 and 181:
4..1.3.{ Zl.c i. pl..@! fi. lnrkliq
Page 182 and 183:
'!t the ituorption of zinc is atrec
Page 184 and 185:
! t e 3 E s 3 !i =E !l T T :t i! a,
Page 186 and 187:
clrrged pluphst sroups, ptrtlic aci
Page 188 and 189:
i i ig rE g a I a 4 fi e E 6 € a
Page 190 and 191:
ned toi ion in the qp.rimdrlt .ak i
Page 192 and 193:
'fh€ faec.l iinc €xcrerion w.s
Page 194 and 195:
!t :T * T E3 ::E F E ! I * a q g a
Page 196 and 197:
Mod ($e c@l4 .irDllt.tD$d.u !. d. r
Page 198 and 199:
, cr|'|Il-U SUilMNT In Pakistdi, wh
Page 200 and 201:
*as afrechd si8triltc6nr,, by rhe s
Page 202 and 203:
Th€ N$eEDTA di{t nor exhibir otry
Page 204:
Conclusions Following @nctulim qn b
Page 207 and 208:
uIIttTt$Gm! aACC. 2000. Approv.d M
Page 209 and 210:
Bcrid J, Aor.l M a tet4o. FJ. t997,
Page 211 and 212:
cerko*k' s.r, Dcrld E snd MG s@ton.
Page 213 and 214:
El-6ujdi M, I-ynch SR dd Coot JD, t
Page 215 and 216:
loua W .nd L.nesch H.,.r931. Slnsir
Page 217 and 218:
L{u.n T and Sbdsrrom 8,t992 (b), EI
Page 219 and 220:
N.$ers YH, cuu$ cR, Acton RT, Atvar
Page 221 and 222:
Rev.s PC, Ni.tet$n fH lnd F.hcy CC,
Page 223 and 224:
Strlliran B tgt3.AMtysis ofth. elen
Page 225 and 226:
^FF dh r. ^8D.. bnFarr ac) tld rtL{
Page 227 and 228:
Appendix-2 SEN$ORY EVALUATION FORI{
Page 229 and 230:
I : ! I 6 ! n gi trE I € 5 6 3 E
Page 231 and 232:
I 3 ! I ,3: ? a : : q e a c 3 6 a B
Page 233 and 234:
t E t e 3 € I 3 4 I .{€ c E i ;
Page 235 and 236:
E 3 I c I t 3 E 6 T 6 3 ! g: : -q 3
Page 237 and 238:
t 6 6 6 ! .! I I ! .i: 'E I e e s d
Page 239 and 240:
F 6 I il I s : q q I E a a p E a 3
Page 241 and 242:
E ; .l 6 F i 3 i E d it ;l :l €l
Page 243 and 244:
I € ! p F a j s x a s 9 q 3 $ F $
Page 245 and 246:
I e a a e R s : $ E : i q q 3i a q
Page 247 and 248:
T E I E e fl F s I ts E p 3 F F E p
Page 249 and 250:
J a a F q- x ? s s a ; a d E E n ?
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