MAXIMIZING POSITIVE SYNERGIES - World Health Organization

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to country health systems by way of increasing fiscal and technical inputs and better coordination, and can increase outputs and expedite processes, their ultimate impact in reducing mortality and morbidity is deeply dependent on the performance of existing health systems, overall effectiveness of governance in a country and prevailing macro-economic and geo-strategic stability in the environment. Before labelling a GHI as unsuccessful in achieving its objectives, the impact of these factors should be carefully assessed. 132
References [1] Ministry of Finance, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic Survey, 2007. Islamabad, Government of Pakistan, 2008 (http://finance.gov.pk/finance_economic_survey.aspx; accessed 30 May 2008). [2] Federal Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan. National Education Census, 2005. Islamabad, Government of Pakistan, 2005. [3] Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics, Government of Pakistan. Population Census, 1998. Islamabad, Government of Pakistan, 1998 (http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/statistics.html; accessed 6 May 2008). [4] A literate person has been defined as someone who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language. [5] Federal Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division. 50 years of Pakistan. Islamabad, Government of Pakistan, 1998. [6] State Bank of Pakistan. Annual Report of the State Bank of Pakistan, 2007. Islamabad, Government of Pakistan, 2008 (www.sbp.org.pk/reports/annual/arfy07/index.htm; accessed 2 January 2009). [7] Ministry of Law and Parliamentary Affairs, Justice Division. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (as modified up to March 1987). Islamabad, Government of Pakistan, 1987 (www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/; accessed 30 May 2008). [8] Government of Pakistan. Ordinance Number VI of 2001. Local Government Ordinance, 2001. (www.nrb.gov.pk/publications/SBNP_Local_Govt_Ordinance_2001.pdf ; accessed 30 May 2008). [9] Nishtar S. Choked Pipes: reforming Pakistan’s mixed health system. Gateway Paper III. Islamabad, Heartfile, 2009. Forthcoming. [10] Federal Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLMS), 2007-08. Islamabad, Government of Pakistan, 2008. [11] Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan (http://202.83.164.26/wps/portal/Moh; accessed 11 March 2009). [12] Ministry of Population Welfare, Government of Pakistan (www.mopw.gov.pk/; accessed 10 September 2008). [13] Nishtar S. Health Indicators of Pakistan – Gateway Paper II. Islamabad, Heartfile, Health Policy Forum, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan, World Health Organization, Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan, 2007. [14] National Institute of Population Studies and Macro International Inc. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-07. Islamabad, National Institute of Population Studies and Macro International Inc, 2008. [15] Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Centre. Human Development in South Asia 2007. Islamabad, Oxford University Press, 2008. [16] Nishtar S. Politics of health systems: WHO’s new frontier. Lancet 2007;370(9591):935-6. [17] National Surveillance Cell, Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, May 2006. [18] World Health Organization. Human cases of Avian influenza-A (H5N1) in NWFP, Pakistan during the period October-November 2007. Weekly Epidemiological Records, October 3, 2008 133
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Table of Contents Key Acronyms Intr
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Policy analysis of the impact of Gl
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OIs Opportunistic infections OVC Or
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core section of the document then p
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Figure 1: Analytic framework for MP
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studies. MPS researchers have linke
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Burundi: Building a health system t
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at between US$ 14.5 and US$ 18.5 pe
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collaborations with European school
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epresent only US$ 1.75 per month pe
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Service Delivery The decentralizati
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Long term HSS will require governme
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Cameroon: Evaluation of the Nationa
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Table 1 Basic Socioeconomic, Demogr
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of treatment interruptions (>two da
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side effects) were associated with
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Prevention behaviours Nearly half (
Page 36 and 37:
References [1] The World Bank Group
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Out-of-pocket payments account for
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as well as the number of community
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Table 1: Characteristics of facilit
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Table 4: Estimated changes in human
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Central African Republic: Impact of
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Objectives and Methodology In this
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Financing There was a general appre
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NGOs and Civil Society The overall
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Discussion Interviews with key info
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China: The Impact of the Global Fun
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Table 2 Global Health Initiative In
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In Yunnan and Henan, the epidemic i
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funded only from the MOH Pilot Prog
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References [1] China at a glance. W
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1994, private spending and emergenc
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understanding of their roles and re
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References [1] Human Development Re
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In 2003, the government launched th
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Objectives and Methodology The data
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Health Workforce Ghana is challenge
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Discussion GHIs are critical for ra
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Haiti: Maximizing Positive Synergie
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Table 1 Basic Socioeconomic, Demogr
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with need. With GHI funding, distri
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I know that within [the organizatio
Page 88 and 89: Much of the initial enthusiasm abou
Page 90 and 91: services, or for measures of qualit
Page 92 and 93: funds and more funding focused on i
Page 94 and 95: INDIA: Exploring how disease-specif
Page 96 and 97: PEPFAR* Year Amount Disbursed (in U
Page 98 and 99: Primary data collection - facility
Page 100 and 101: The Global Fund has strengthened th
Page 102 and 103: References [1] The World Bank Group
Page 104 and 105: Background The Republic of Kenya li
Page 106 and 107: Results Leadership and Governance D
Page 108 and 109: Informants noted that a general lac
Page 110 and 111: time periods. Informants believed t
Page 114 and 115: A comprehensive, long-term reform o
Page 116 and 117: The effects of GHIs on the capacity
Page 118 and 119: their budget was comprised of Globa
Page 120 and 121: Quality of services The majority of
Page 122 and 123: References [1] Kyrgyzstan at a glan
Page 124 and 125: Commission (NAC) in 2001 as a multi
Page 126 and 127: Objectives and methodology The main
Page 128 and 129: Discussion The findings of the Mala
Page 130 and 131: Pakistan: The impact of the Global
Page 132 and 133: international standards. The Under
Page 134 and 135: the US Centers for Disease Control
Page 136 and 137: Some negative effects are also attr
Page 140 and 141: Peru: Effects of the Implementation
Page 142 and 143: Table 2 Global Health Initiative In
Page 144 and 145: HIV/AIDS, mainly around the Compreh
Page 146 and 147: without substantial emphasis on pre
Page 150 and 151: Rwanda: The Impact of Global Health
Page 152 and 153: Rwanda was US$ 584.9 million in 200
Page 154 and 155: International Health Partnership, t
Page 156 and 157: PEPFAR’s funding practices were l
Page 158 and 159: medical staff to higher-paying admi
Page 160 and 161: system (CPDS), in which many stakeh
Page 162 and 163: needing medical transport. Both GHI
Page 164 and 165: Some informants felt that local NGO
Page 166 and 167: Senegal: The effects of Global Heal
Page 168 and 169: Table 1: Basic Health System and Ep
Page 170 and 171: case study. Data analysis was condu
Page 172 and 173: of respondents aware of treated net
Page 174 and 175: South Africa: The effects of Global
Page 176 and 177: Table 2 Global Health Initiative In
Page 178 and 179: of South Africa (GHI2, ND6). 26 Don
Page 180 and 181: NDOH to disburse external funds in
Page 182 and 183: The lack of effective monitoring an
Page 184 and 185: Despite these problems, GHI funding
Page 186 and 187: [19] The Global Fund for Aids Tuber
Page 188 and 189:
Official Development Assistance (OD
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The study employed both purposive s
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Figure 1: Number of Clinicians at S
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There were very significant increas
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GHIs created an opportunity to cond
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Ukraine: Effects of the Global Fund
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GAVI (in US$) Disease Priority Amou
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government and nongovernmental prov
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• The introduction of new service
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References [1] Data are from the Mi
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The health system struggles with a
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Objectives and Methodology This stu
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Nonetheless, efforts to recruit and
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References [1] The World Bank Group
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average annual population growth of
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2006 149,022,153 2007 216,012,780 2
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isks duplication of services but al
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centres have only one qualified hea
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Policy analysis of the impact of Gl
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countries” [6]. The TRP apply sev
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PEPFAR I & II The newest PEPFAR leg
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Types of fundable HRH interventions
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Global Fund In two country applicat
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TABLE 3: Selected Countries: MPS Ca
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HRH Intervention Categories GAVI: C
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HRH Intervention Categories GLOBAL
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HRH Intervention Categories PEPFAR
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Conclusion: Directions for future r
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GHIs and health systems. Civil soci
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Annex 01: Data sources for tables i
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Annex 02: Contributing Institutions
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