MAXIMIZING POSITIVE SYNERGIES - World Health Organization

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Annex 01: Data sources for tables in country case studies In most instances, the country case studies included in this volume feature standardized background data tables whose purpose is to provide readers with an overview of key socioeconomic, demographic and health indicators for the countries where Maximizing Positive Synergies (MPS) research has been undertaken, along with summary information on the magnitude and evolution of major GHIs’ investments in these countries. Except where otherwise noted, the data included in the standardized country tables are drawn from the following sources: Basic socioeconomic, demographic and health indicators: Population; geographic size; GDP per capita; Gini index: World Bank. World Development Indicators Online. Proprietary online database. For conditions of access, see: http://go.worldbank.org/6HAYAHG8H0. Government expenditure on health as percentage of general government expenditure; per capita government expenditure on health: WHO. National Health Accounts (NHA). Available at: http://www.who.int/nha/country/en/. Physician density; nursing and midwifery density; maternal mortality ratio; DTP3 coverage: WHO. WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS). Available at: http://www.who.int/whosis/en/. Estimated adult HIV prevalence: UNAIDS. Report on the global AIDS epidemic 2008. Geneva, UNAIDS, 2008. Estimated antiretroviral therapy coverage: WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF. Towards universal access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector: Progress report 2008. Geneva, WHO, 2008. Note: Estimated antiretroviral therapy coverage data for a small number of countries were not included in the 2008 Towards universal access report. In such instances, coverage estimates have been derived from HIV/AIDS progress reports submitted by countries to the United Nations General Assembly. Periodic national progress reports are part of countries’ obligations under the UN Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, signed at the 2001 UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (UNGASS). Countries’ 2008 UNGASS progress reports are available at: http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/CountryProgress/2007CountryProgressAllCountries.a sp. Estimated tuberculosis prevalence: WHO. Global tuberculosis database. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/country/global_tb_database/en/index2.html. Estimated malaria deaths: WHO. World malaria report 2008. Geneva, WHO, 2008. 240
GHI investments: GAVI: GAVI Alliance. Country information database. Available at: http://www.gavialliance.org/performance/country_results/. Global Fund: Global Fund. Grant portfolio. Data by country available at: http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/portfolio/?lang=en. PEPFAR: (1) PEPFAR. Fiscal Year 2006 Operational Plan. Washington, DC, PEPFAR, 2005. Available at: http://www.pepfar.gov/about/81929.htm. (2) PEPFAR. Fiscal Year 2008 PEPFAR Operational Plan. Washington, DC, PEPFAR, 2007, available at: http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/107838.pdf World Bank MAP: World Bank. HIV/AIDS in Africa/ACT Africa, projects and programs. Online database. Available at: http://go.worldbank.org/ZC8O2E5ZR0 241
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Table of Contents Key Acronyms Intr
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Policy analysis of the impact of Gl
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OIs Opportunistic infections OVC Or
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core section of the document then p
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Figure 1: Analytic framework for MP
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studies. MPS researchers have linke
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Burundi: Building a health system t
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at between US$ 14.5 and US$ 18.5 pe
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collaborations with European school
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epresent only US$ 1.75 per month pe
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Service Delivery The decentralizati
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Long term HSS will require governme
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Cameroon: Evaluation of the Nationa
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Table 1 Basic Socioeconomic, Demogr
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of treatment interruptions (>two da
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side effects) were associated with
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Prevention behaviours Nearly half (
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References [1] The World Bank Group
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Out-of-pocket payments account for
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as well as the number of community
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Table 1: Characteristics of facilit
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Table 4: Estimated changes in human
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Central African Republic: Impact of
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Objectives and Methodology In this
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Financing There was a general appre
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NGOs and Civil Society The overall
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Discussion Interviews with key info
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China: The Impact of the Global Fun
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Table 2 Global Health Initiative In
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In Yunnan and Henan, the epidemic i
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funded only from the MOH Pilot Prog
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References [1] China at a glance. W
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1994, private spending and emergenc
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understanding of their roles and re
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References [1] Human Development Re
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In 2003, the government launched th
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Objectives and Methodology The data
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Health Workforce Ghana is challenge
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Discussion GHIs are critical for ra
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Haiti: Maximizing Positive Synergie
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Table 1 Basic Socioeconomic, Demogr
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with need. With GHI funding, distri
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I know that within [the organizatio
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Much of the initial enthusiasm abou
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services, or for measures of qualit
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funds and more funding focused on i
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INDIA: Exploring how disease-specif
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PEPFAR* Year Amount Disbursed (in U
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Primary data collection - facility
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The Global Fund has strengthened th
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Background The Republic of Kenya li
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Results Leadership and Governance D
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Informants noted that a general lac
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time periods. Informants believed t
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A comprehensive, long-term reform o
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The effects of GHIs on the capacity
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their budget was comprised of Globa
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Quality of services The majority of
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References [1] Kyrgyzstan at a glan
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Commission (NAC) in 2001 as a multi
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Objectives and methodology The main
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Discussion The findings of the Mala
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Pakistan: The impact of the Global
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international standards. The Under
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the US Centers for Disease Control
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Some negative effects are also attr
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to country health systems by way of
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Peru: Effects of the Implementation
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HIV/AIDS, mainly around the Compreh
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without substantial emphasis on pre
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Rwanda: The Impact of Global Health
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Rwanda was US$ 584.9 million in 200
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International Health Partnership, t
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PEPFAR’s funding practices were l
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medical staff to higher-paying admi
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system (CPDS), in which many stakeh
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needing medical transport. Both GHI
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Some informants felt that local NGO
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Senegal: The effects of Global Heal
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Table 1: Basic Health System and Ep
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case study. Data analysis was condu
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of respondents aware of treated net
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South Africa: The effects of Global
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of South Africa (GHI2, ND6). 26 Don
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NDOH to disburse external funds in
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The lack of effective monitoring an
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Despite these problems, GHI funding
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[19] The Global Fund for Aids Tuber
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Official Development Assistance (OD
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The study employed both purposive s
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Figure 1: Number of Clinicians at S
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There were very significant increas
Page 196 and 197: GHIs created an opportunity to cond
Page 198 and 199: Ukraine: Effects of the Global Fund
Page 200 and 201: GAVI (in US$) Disease Priority Amou
Page 202 and 203: government and nongovernmental prov
Page 204 and 205: • The introduction of new service
Page 206 and 207: References [1] Data are from the Mi
Page 208 and 209: The health system struggles with a
Page 210 and 211: Objectives and Methodology This stu
Page 212 and 213: Nonetheless, efforts to recruit and
Page 214 and 215: References [1] The World Bank Group
Page 216 and 217: average annual population growth of
Page 218 and 219: 2006 149,022,153 2007 216,012,780 2
Page 220 and 221: isks duplication of services but al
Page 222 and 223: centres have only one qualified hea
Page 224 and 225: Policy analysis of the impact of Gl
Page 226 and 227: countries” [6]. The TRP apply sev
Page 228 and 229: PEPFAR I & II The newest PEPFAR leg
Page 230 and 231: Types of fundable HRH interventions
Page 232 and 233: Global Fund In two country applicat
Page 234 and 235: TABLE 3: Selected Countries: MPS Ca
Page 236 and 237: HRH Intervention Categories GAVI: C
Page 238 and 239: HRH Intervention Categories GLOBAL
Page 240 and 241: HRH Intervention Categories PEPFAR
Page 242 and 243: Conclusion: Directions for future r
Page 244 and 245: GHIs and health systems. Civil soci
Page 248 and 249: Annex 02: Contributing Institutions
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