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Bullying, Self Harm & Suicide (M. Fernando) What is Bullying? Bullying is a “conscious, willful, deliberate, repeated and hostile activity marked by an imbalance of power, intent to harm and/or threat of aggression. (Mental Health Commission, n.d). Bullying can come in different forms such as name-calling, punching, shoving, spreading rumors, threatening or cyberbullying (Bullying Canada, 2018). Bullying can have negative short-term and long-term effects on the victim which may include fear, sadness, withdrawal, panic attacks, sleep concerns, or can affect one’s self-esteem (Bullying Canada, 2018). According to the Mental Health Commission (n.d), “both bullying victims and those who perpetuate bullying are at the highest risk for suicide… the development of bullying prevention and intervention programs is vital”. That being said, what is Suicide? Suicide is defined “as intentional, self-inflicted death… the suicidal state of mind has been described as constricted, filled with a sense of self-hatred, rejection, and hopelessness.” (Centre for Suicide Prevention, n.d) With roughly 4000 deaths by suicide a year, suicide is the 9th leading cause of death in Canada (Government of Canada, 2016). However, the rate is possibly higher due to unrecorded deaths by suicide. According to Government of Canada (2016) “of every 1 suicide death there are 5 self-inflicted injury hospitalizations, 25-30 attempts, and 7-10 people affected by suicide loss.” With that, prevention is key and it is important to recognize the signs of someone who is having a suicidal state of mind. Some signs include: Excessive sadness, withdrawal, changes in personality, hopelessness, sleep issues, self-harming behavior, sufferer of trauma, sudden calmness, and if one threatens suicide (WebMD, 2018) A sign of suicide that was mentioned was self-harming behavior; although (like suicide and bullying) it is not a mental illness, it may be a sign that someone needs care and support (CMHA, n.d)tion (n.d).
“ In 2013–2014, there were nearly 2,500 hospitalizations among youth age 10 to 17 due to intentional self-harm. This equates to 1 in 4 injury hospitalizations for youth in this age group” (Canadian Institute for Health Information, n.d). What is Self-Harm? Self-harm is “also commonly known as self-injurious behavior, self-mutilation, non-suicidal self-injury, parasuicide, deliberate self-harm, self-abuse, and self-inflicted violence.. and can escalate into suicidal behavior” (Centre for Suicide Prevention, n.d). In other words, it is when someone intentionally hurts themselves without intent of ending their lives and can come in different forms such as cutting, burning or hitting (CMHA, n.d). Someone who engages in self-harm may not want to discuss it, so it is important to recognize the warning signs (CIHI, n.d). According to the Canadian Mental Health Association (n.d), individuals who engage in selfharm may “appear withdrawn, stop participating in regular activities, anger or upset easily, have had a significant event in their lives, have unexplained cuts, or wear clothes that inappropriate for the weather. Taken together, if you or someone you know is being bullied and/or engaging in suicidal or self-harming behavior, there are several resources that are available for support. References: BullyingCanada. (2018). What is Bullying? BullyingCanadaInc. Retrieved from https://www.bullyingcanada.ca/what-is-bullying Centre for Suicide Prevention. (n.d). Frequently Asked Questions. Centre for Suicide Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.suicideinfo.ca/resource/faqs/ Centre for Suicide Prevention. (n.d). Self-harm and Suicide. Centre for Suicide Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.suicideinfo.ca/resource/self-harm-and-suicide/ CIHI. (n.d). Intentional Self-Harm Among Youth in Canada. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Retrieved from https://www.cihi.ca/web/resource/en/info_child_harm_en.pdf CMHA. (n.d). Youth and Self-Injury. Canadian Mental Health Association. Mental Health for all. Retrieved from https://cmha.ca/documents/youth-and-self-injury Government of Canada. (2016). Suicide in Canada: infographic. Government of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/suicide-canadainfographic.html Mental Health Commission. (n.d) Bullying and Suicide Fact Sheet. Mental Health Commission. Retrieved from https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/sites/default/files/2017- 11/CSP_Fact_Sheets_bullying_eng.pdf WebMD. (2018). Recognizing Suicidal Behavior. Mental Health Reference. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/recognizing-suicidal-behavior#1
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