Image Acquisitionand Proces

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Glossary 231 binary display device can use block patterns to simulate grayscale images. See also Halftone. DLL Dynamic linked library. A compiled and linked collection of computer functions that are not directly bound to an executable. These libraries are linked at run time by the operating system. Each executable can link to a commonly shared DLL, saving memory by avoiding redundant functions from coexisting. DPI Dots per inch. The number of printer dots that can be printed or displayed along a 1 in., one-dimensional line. Higher DPI values represent higher resolutions. Edge A region of contrast or color change. Edges are often useful in machine vision because optical edges often mark the boundary of physical objects. Edge Detection A method of isolating and locating an optical edge in a given digital image. See also Edge. Encoding The manner in which data is stored when uncompressed (binary, ASCII, etc.), how it is packed (e.g., 4-bit pixels may be packed at a rate of 2 pixels per byte), and the unique set of symbols used to represent the range of data items. EPS Adobe encapsulated postscript Þle format extension. Equalize An image processing algorithm that redistributes the frequency of image pixel values so that any given continuous range of values is equally represented. Erosion See Morphology. File Format A speciÞcation for encoding data in a disk Þle. The format dictates what information is present in the Þle and how it is organized within it. Filter An image processing transform that removes a speciÞed quantity from an image. Frame A single picture, usually taken from a collection of images such as in a movie or video stream. Frame Buffer A computer peripheral that is dedicated to storing digital images. Gain and Level Gain and level are image processing terms that roughly correspond to the brightness (gain) and contrast (level) control on a television. By altering the gain, the entire range of pixel values are linearly shifted brighter or darker, whereas level linearly stretches or shrinks the intensity range. Gamma Correction A nonlinear function that is used to correct the inherent nonlinearity of cameras and monitors. Geometric Transform A class of image processing transforms that alter the location of pixels. GIF CompuServe Graphics Interchange File format extension. Uses the LZW compression created by Unisys, which requires special licensing. All GIF Þles have a palette. GUI Graphical user interface. A computer–user interface that substitutes graphical objects for code to enhance user interaction. Gray Level A shade of gray assigned to a pixel.
232 Image Acquisition Processing with LabVIEW Grayscale A type of image in which the pixel values are proportional to the light intensity corresponding to a small spot in the image. Zero is usually black and higher numbers indicate brighter pixels. Halftone The reproduction of a continuous-tone image on a device that does not directly support continuous output. This is done by displaying or printing pattern of small dots that from a distance can simulate the desired output color or intensity. Histogram A tabulation of pixel value populations usually displayed as a bar chart where the x axis represents all the possible pixel values and the y axis is the total image count of each given pixel value. Each histogram intensity value or range of values is called a bin. Each bin contains a positive number that represents the number of pixels in the image that fall within the bin’s range. When the collection of bins is charted, the graph displays the intensity distributions of all the images pixels. HSL Hue, saturation and lightness. A method of describing colors as a triplet of real values. The hue represents the wavelength of the color, the saturation is the depth, and the lightness refers to how black or white a color is. Huffman Encoding A method of encoding symbols that varies the length of the code in proportion to its information content. Groups of pixels that appear frequently in an image are coded with fewer bits than those of lower occurrence. IHS Intensity, hue and saturation. Image Format Refers to the speciÞcation under which an image has been saved to disk or in which it resides in computer memory. There are many commonly used digital image formats in use, including TIFF, BMP, GIF, and JPEG. The image format speciÞcation dictates what image information is present and how it is organized in memory. Many formats support various subformats. Image Processing The general term refers to a computer discipline wherein digital images are the main data object. This type of processing can be broken down into several subcategories, including compression, image enhancement, image Þltering, image distortion, image display and coloring and image editing. See also Machine Vision. Intensity Graph A native LabVIEW front panel indicator, which can display 256 colors (selected, via a color table, from the available 16 million). The value that is input to each pixel determines both the color and the intensity that is displayed. Jaggies A term used to describe the visual appearance of lines and shapes in raster pictures that results from using a drawing grid of insufÞcient spatial resolution. JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group image compression capable of both lossy and lossless compression. JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group Þle format extension. See JPEG. Kernel A matrix of pixels that is used as an operator during an image convolution. The kernel is set prior to the convolution in a fashion that will emphasize a particular feature of the image. Kernels are often used as
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IMAGE PROCESSING SERIES Series Edit
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Foreword The introduction of LabVIE
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FIGURE 1 Vision 6.1 FIGURE 2 Compan
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Acknowledgments My gratitude goes o
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Dedication To Don “old fella” P
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Contents Chapter 1 Image Types and
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Chapter 4 Displaying Images........
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Chapter 7 Image Analysis...........
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1 Image Types and File Management F
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Image Types and File Management 3 F
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Image Types and File Management 5 A
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Image Types and File Management 7 C
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Image Types and File Management 9 p
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Image Types and File Management 11
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Image Types and File Management 13
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2 Setting Up You should never under
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Setting Up 17 FIGURE 2.3 (a) Interl
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Setting Up 19 Linear Aray Light Sou
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Setting Up 21 FIGURE 2.7 National I
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Setting Up 23 2.1.3.2 Control and I
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Setting Up 25 FIGURE 2.11 X-Ray ima
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Setting Up 27 Apple Computer techno
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Setting Up 29 FIGURE 2.17 An inexpe
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Setting Up 31 Although this would b
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Setting Up 33 134 -115 \ Contrast =
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Setting Up 35 resolution printer wi
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Setting Up 37 C A B C Traditional T
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Setting Up 39 Camera Light Source O
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Setting Up 41 Camera Light Source (
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Setting Up 43 FIGURE 2.37 (a) An ob
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Setting Up 45 FIGURE 2.41 (a) PCB p
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48 Image Acquisition Processing wit
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100 Image Acquisition Processing wi
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6 Morphology When applied to vision
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Morphology 143 I Closed { } = Erode
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Morphology 145 FIGURE 6.3 Simple mo
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Morphology 147 FIGURE 6.5 Custom st
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Morphology 149 FIGURE 6.8 Particle
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Morphology 151 FIGURE 6.12 Fill hol
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Morphology 153 FIGURE 6.17 Danielss
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Morphology 155 Detected circles wit
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Morphology 157 6.5 CASE STUDY: FIND
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Morphology 159 6.6 USER SOLUTION: D
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Morphology 161 ULTRASOUND MACHINE (
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Morphology 163 FIGURE 6.31 The Edit
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Page 203 and 204: 180 Image Acquisition Processing wi
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Page 242 and 243: Machine Vision 219 TABLE 8.1 “IMA
Page 244 and 245: Machine Vision 221 TABLE 8.3 Input
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Page 252 and 253: Glossary 1-Bit Image An image compr
Page 256 and 257: Glossary 233 spatial Þlters, each
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Image Acquisitionand Proces

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