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128 Kanji, N., Cotula, L., Hilhorst, T., Toulmin, C., and Witten, W., 2005, Can Land Registration Serve Poor and Marginalised Groups? Summary Report, London, IIED. Kasanga, K., and Kotey, N. A., 2001, Land Management in Ghana: Building on Tradition and Modernity, London, IIED. Kjonstad, A., and Veit Wilson, J.H., 1997, Law, Power and Poverty, CISS/ISSC, Comparative Research Programme on Poverty. Lavigne Deville, P. (ed), 1998, Quelles Politiques Foncières pour l’Afrique Rurale? Réconcilier Pratiques, Légitimité et Légalité, Paris, Karthala. Le Roy, E., Karsenty, A., and Betrand, A., 1996, La Sécurisation Foncière en Afrique – Pour une Gestion Viable des Ressources Renouvelables, Karthala, Paris. Lund, C., 1998, Law, Power and Politics in Niger: Land Struggles and the Rural Code, Hamburg, LIT. Manning, D., 2001, “The Role of <strong>Legal</strong> Services Organisations in Attacking Poverty”, World Bank Conference July 8-12, 2001. Mayers, J., and Bass, S., 2004, Policy That Works <strong>for</strong> Forests and People: real prospects <strong>for</strong> governance and livelihoods, London, IIED/Earthscan. Mayers, J., and Vermeulen, S., 2002, Company-community <strong>for</strong>estry partnerships: From raw deals to mutual gains? London, IIED. McAuslan, P., 1998, “Making Law Work: Restructuring Land Relations in Africa”, Development and Change, 29 (3), pp. 525-552. Migot-Adholla, S., and Place, F., 1998, “The Economic Effects of Land Registration on Smallholder Farms in Kenya: Evidence from Nyeri and Kakamega Districts”, Land Economics, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 360-373. Mitlin, D., and Patel, S., 2005, “Re-interpreting the rights-based approach – A grassroots perspective on rights and development”, Global Poverty Research Group, www.gprg.org/. Muchlinski, P., 2001, “Corporations in International Litigation: Problems of Jurisdiction and the United Kingdom Asbestos Cases”, ICLQ, Vol. 50, No 1, pp. 1-25. Norfolk, S., 2004, “Examining Access to Natural Resources and Linkages to Sustainable Livelihoods: A Case Study of Mozambique”, Rome, FAO, FAO LSP Working Paper No. 17. Oomen, B., 2005, Chiefs in South Africa: Law, Power & Culture in the Post- Apartheid Era, Ox<strong>for</strong>d, James Curry. Ouédraogo, H.M.G., 2002, “<strong>Legal</strong> Conditions <strong>for</strong> the Recognition of Local Land Rights and Local Land Tenure Practices”, in IIED, Making Land Rights More Secure – International Workshop <strong>for</strong> Researchers and Policy Makers, London, IIED.
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Legal empowerment for local resourc
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LEGAL EMPOWERMENT FOR LOCAL RESOURC
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR Lorenzo Cotula (lo
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ICSID International Centre for the
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viii
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x III. LEGAL TOOLS TO SECURE LOCAL
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2 Legal empowerment can increase lo
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4 and implementing para-legal tools
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6 1.1. OVERVIEW 1.1.1. The issue Ac
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8 local levels. Overall, the law te
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10 1.2. DEFINITIONS, SCOPE AND RATI
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12 generally, the range of strategi
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14 CHART 2. FDI STOCK IN SELECTED A
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16 the Middle East, to sub-Saharan
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18 2.1. POWER AND LEGAL EMPOWERMENT
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20 where short timeframes would pre
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22 provisions embodied in the const
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24 2.2. FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROJECTS
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26 country power structures through
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28 investor to access a specific lo
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30 compensation), 11 and those on t
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32 that characterised the Cold War,
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34 As a result, the international l
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36 have also created government age
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38 In Africa, very little land has
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40 When conflicts between local and
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42 FIGURE 1. LAW AND POWER IN FOREI
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44 2.3. TOOLS FOR LEGAL EMPOWERMENT
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46 citizens at large use them. The
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48 2.3.2. Para-legal tools The fact
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50 emphasise helping clients themse
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III. LEGAL TOOLS TO SECURE LOCAL RE
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institutional arrangements, or wher
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In Cameroon, efforts to vest strong
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Group rights and individual rights
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BOX 4. TOOLS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT A
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(section 1 of the Land Act and sect
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BOX 5. LOCAL CONVENTIONS Where stro
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and is meant to shift the balance o
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ights on the ground, which usually
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Denise Malauene Community land regi
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addressed. Reform to strengthen the
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state, local resource users can “
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- Page 134 and 135: years or periodic tenancy, usually
- Page 136 and 137: 5.2. REFERENCES 5.2.1. Literature A
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