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222 Lotus Security Handbook A final word about anonymous access. If a user is in a hierarchical certification environment and attempts to connect to a server which is set for anonymous access, and the server can't authenticate the user, that person will see the following message in the status bar: Server X cannot authenticate you because: the server's Address Book does not contain any cross-certificates capable of authenticating you. You are now accessing that server anonymously. 6.1.11 Data integrity with digital signatures At the beginning of the book, we discussed the security services that need to be provided. One of the them is data integrity, which is the topic of this section. When databases are replicated or e-mail messages are routed through the network, there is the risk that they could be modified, either because of a hardware fault, or because of the actions of an unauthorized third party (commonly referred to as tampering). Because of these risks, it must be possible to tell whether the data received is the same, or in the same state, as the original version that was sent. In order to detect any such changes, digital signatures are used. Data integrity implies the current condition of the data is equal to the original “pure” condition. It guarantees that information is not changed in transit. A digital signature can verify that the person who originated the data is the author and that no one has tampered with the data. Originators can add their digital signature to e-mail messages and can also add their signature to fields or sections of Notes documents. Note: A database designer controls whether or not fields and sections of a database are signable. Given this facility, individual users can then choose whether to sign mail messages or not. For Digital signatures applied by the Notes client, the same RSA key pair is used that was used in the validation and authentication process. The manner in which digital signatures are used in Lotus Notes is illustrated in Figure 6-15 on page 223.
Figure 6-15 Digital Signatures as used in Lotus Notes The numbered steps in the diagram are described as follows: 1. Alice decides to send a Notes e-mail to Bob. The Notes client, seeing that the “Sign” checkbox is set, generates a hash (using MD5) of Alice’s message (resulting in message digest d). 2. The hash is then encrypted by Notes using Alice’s RSA private key (using RC2), which means that only her RSA public key will be able to decrypt it. 3. The encrypted hash along with the message is sent to Bob. 4. Bob’s Notes client uses Alice’s RSA Public key to decrypt the hash (again, using RC2) and gets a decrypted hash (resulting in message digest d). 5. Bob’s Notes client computes a new hash based on the text sent by Alice (using MD5, resulting in message digest d’). 6. Bob’s Notes client then compares the decrypted hash (message digest d) and the newly computed hash (message digest d’) and lets Bob know whether the digital signature is valid or not. If the two hashes are the same, the message comes from Alice and has not been tampered with in transit. If they are different, the message is either not from Alice or it has been tampered with in transit. So, the result for the user is that Notes will indicate who signed the message if the validation of the signature is successful. Otherwise, Notes will indicate that it cannot validate the signature. Two things are guaranteed by this digital signature process: Chapter 6. Public key infrastructures 223
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478 Lotus Security Handbook databas
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486 Lotus Security Handbook NextExp
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518 Lotus Security Handbook Control
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520 Lotus Security Handbook “Deny
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Action name Description Change rout
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530 Lotus Security Handbook For inf
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538 Lotus Security Handbook Externa
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12.3 Domino Web Access (iNotes) 12.
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* Notes SDK include files */ #inclu
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} /*--- * filter termination */ uns
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*/ if (authData->userName && authDa
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goto NoUnlockExit; pLookup = (char
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} } ValueLength -= sizeof(WORD); /*
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* *********************************
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Hostname="localhost.dotnsf.com" Por
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[Mon Jun 09 12:06:54 2003] 00000d54
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Other publications Online resources
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Certificate authorities Domino 260
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kFilterParsedRequest Event 299 kFil
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and iNotes 498 events 492 flowchart
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Lotus Security Handbook Key securit
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