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252 Lotus Security Handbook Once the authentication has taken place, the process of negotiating the SSL session key can take place. This process is illustrated in Figure 6-22. Figure 6-22 Negotiating the SSL Session key In this phase of the handshake, the partners establish the session key, which is used to encrypt and decrypt all transmissions for that session. As with the authentication process, the SSL session key negotiation is also transparent for the user. This is what occurs in this phase: 1. The client sends a “ClientHello” message to the server with a list of possible ciphers (or encryption algorithms) to be used for encryption.
2. The server selects the strongest cipher that they have in common and responds with a “ServerHello” message containing the selected cipher. 3. Since the session is not yet secure, the server sends its certificates to the client for use in securing the session key. If client authentication is required, the server also requests the client's certificate, and the client sends it (this is not shown in Figure 6-22). 4. The client generates a secret (called the “pre-master” secret) based on a random-number generator and sends it to the server, encrypted with the server's public key (which was obtained from the server's certificate). This secret is a seed value that will be used to generate the session key. 5. The server and the client each use the selected algorithm (from step 2) and the randomly generated secret (from step 4) to generate the same one-time session key. It is a symmetric encryption key because it will be used to both encrypt and decrypt all traffic for the duration of this SSL session. 6. The server and the client exchange messages (called ChangeCipherSpec messages) to confirm that they are ready to communicate securely. 7. The server and the client encrypt all traffic for that session with the session key. You can see from this example that there is significant additional overhead in starting up an SSL session compared with a normal HTTP connection. The protocol avoids some of this overhead by allowing the client and server to retain session key information and to resume that session without negotiating and authenticating a second time. Note: It is important to be mindful of the amount of SSL connections that will be allowed on the server, as SSL imposes a performance penalty during the SSL handshake phase and thus could impact adversely the performance of the Web server offering this service. The SSL record protocol Once the master key has been determined, the client and server can use it to encrypt application data. If client authentication is required, each exchange also includes a hash of the message contents. The hash can be used to prove the message is the original message by validating that its contents are identical to those that were sent. The hash algorithm is part of the selected ciphers. The hash is encrypted in both directions with the public key of the recipients. Each participant (client and server) has a corresponding private key that it uses to decrypt these transmissions as they are received. Chapter 6. Public key infrastructures 253
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164 Lotus Security Handbook sample
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372 Lotus Security Handbook HKEY_LO
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388 Lotus Security Handbook - MacOS
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408 Lotus Security Handbook Removin
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410 Lotus Security Handbook Enablin
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412 Lotus Security Handbook So, it
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418 Lotus Security Handbook ► Una
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422 Lotus Security Handbook Certifi
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424 Lotus Security Handbook databas
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10.4 Conclusion 426 Lotus Security
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428 Lotus Security Handbook ► Roa
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New for Domino 6 430 Lotus Security
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434 Lotus Security Handbook If a us
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436 Lotus Security Handbook Table 1
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438 Lotus Security Handbook Run sim
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442 Lotus Security Handbook Using e
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448 Lotus Security Handbook but the
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450 Lotus Security Handbook organiz
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452 Lotus Security Handbook install
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454 Lotus Security Handbook You con
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456 Lotus Security Handbook The Dom
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460 Lotus Security Handbook server,
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462 Lotus Security Handbook Client
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464 Lotus Security Handbook form, g
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466 Lotus Security Handbook Table 1
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11.8 Notes ID recovery 468 Lotus Se
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470 Lotus Security Handbook For eac
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472 Lotus Security Handbook ► Ses
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11.9.2 Multi-server session-based a
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476 Lotus Security Handbook 4. Save
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478 Lotus Security Handbook databas
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480 Lotus Security Handbook Similar
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482 Lotus Security Handbook How ser
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486 Lotus Security Handbook NextExp
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488 Lotus Security Handbook Connect
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490 Lotus Security Handbook At this
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494 Lotus Security Handbook Example
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11.10.4 More details 496 Lotus Secu
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498 Lotus Security Handbook servers
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502 Lotus Security Handbook of whet
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504 Lotus Security Handbook To ente
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512 Lotus Security Handbook even wh
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514 Lotus Security Handbook Prefix
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Table 11-13 Conflict between denied
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518 Lotus Security Handbook Control
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520 Lotus Security Handbook “Deny
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11.12.2 Mail policy management New
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Table 11-15 Rule conditions 524 Lot
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Action name Description Change rout
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Table 11-17 DOLS security options O
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530 Lotus Security Handbook For inf
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532 Lotus Security Handbook If the
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12.1 Lotus Team Workplace (QuickPla
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538 Lotus Security Handbook Externa
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542 Lotus Security Handbook ► Ena
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12.2.2 Proxy support for Sametime c
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546 Lotus Security Handbook ► By
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548 Lotus Security Handbook If the
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12.3 Domino Web Access (iNotes) 12.
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12.3.2 Encrypting a mail file on a
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12.3.5 Protection against malicious
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12.4 Lotus Workplace 556 Lotus Secu
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12.5 IBM WebSphere Portal 12.5.1 Au
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560 Lotus Security Handbook WebSphe
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564 Lotus Security Handbook externa
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566 Lotus Security Handbook this ti
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570 Lotus Security Handbook Authent
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572 Lotus Security Handbook Using T
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574 Lotus Security Handbook ► Con
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576 Lotus Security Handbook ► Den
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578 Lotus Security Handbook ► Lot
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Figure 13-2 Mail file 584 Lotus Sec
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586 Lotus Security Handbook certain
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14.1 Basic internal collaboration (
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Figure 14-2 Web SSO configuration b
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598 Lotus Security Handbook The HTT
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14.2.2 WebSphere Edge Server config
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604 Lotus Security Handbook still b
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Figure 14-17 Basic Settings 606 Lot
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Figure 14-19 Request Routing 608 Lo
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Figure 14-21 Firewall rules 14.3 In
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612 Lotus Security Handbook The fol
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616 Lotus Security Handbook 5. Modi
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620 Lotus Security Handbook mapping
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624 Lotus Security Handbook ► rem
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630 Lotus Security Handbook ► It
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636 Lotus Security Handbook Two opt
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640 Lotus Security Handbook complet
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642 Lotus Security Handbook 3. To t
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* Notes SDK include files */ #inclu
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} /*--- * filter termination */ uns
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*/ if (authData->userName && authDa
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goto NoUnlockExit; pLookup = (char
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} } ValueLength -= sizeof(WORD); /*
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* *********************************
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if (getspnam_r(userName, &result, b
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662 Lotus Security Handbook . Figur
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672 Lotus Security Handbook The plu
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674 L
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Hostname="localhost.dotnsf.com" Por
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[Mon Jun 09 12:06:54 2003] 00000d54
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Other publications Online resources
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Certificate authorities Domino 260
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kFilterParsedRequest Event 299 kFil
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object classes 316 objectclass eDom
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and iNotes 498 events 492 flowchart
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and WebSphere Portal 622 benefits 2
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Lotus Security Handbook Key securit
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