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References Checkley, W., G. Buckley, R.H. Gilman, A.M. Assis, R.L. Guerrant, S.S. Morris, K. Mølbak, P. Valentiner-Branth, C.F. Lanata and R.E. Black, 2008. “Multi-country Analysis of the Effects of Diarrhoea on Childhood Stunting”, International Journal of Epidemiology, 37(4): 816-830. Ensink, J., 2008. Health Impact of Handwashing with Soap. WELL Factsheet. WELL – Resource Centre Network for Water, Sanitation and Environmental Health. Available at: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/fact-sheets/fact-sheets-htm/ Handwashing.htm. Esrey, S.A., 1996. “Water, Waste, and Well-Being: A Multi-country Study”, American Journal of Epidemiology 143(6): 608-623. Fewtrell, L., A. Prüss-Üstün, R. Bos, F. Gore and J. Bartram, 2007. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Quantifying the Health Impact at National and Local Levels in Countries with Incomplete Water Supply and Sanitation Coverage. WHO Environmental Burden of Disease Series No. 15. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595759_eng.pdf. Humphrey, J., 2009. “Child Undernutrition, Tropical Enteropathy, Toilets, and Handwashing”, The Lancet 374: 1032–35. Hutton, G., L. Haller and J. Bartram, 2007. “Global Cost-benefit Analysis of Water Supply and Sanitation Interventions”, Journal of Water and Health 5(4): 481-502. IRC, 2007. Towards Effective Programming for WASH in Schools: A Manual on Scaling Up Programmes for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools. Tech. No. 48. Delft: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. Jamison, D.T., J.G. Breman, A.R. Measham, G. Alleyne, M. Claeson, D.B. Evans, P. Jha, A. Mills and P. Musgrove (Eds.), 2006. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2 nd edition. Oxford: Oxford UP. Jefferson, T., C. Del Mar, L. Dooley, E. Ferroni, L.A. Al-Ansary, G.A. Bawazeer, M.L. van Driel, R. Foxlee and A. Rivetti, 2009. “Physical Interventions to Interrupt or Reduce the Spread of Respiratory Viruses: Systematic Review”, BMJ 339: b3675. Luby, S.P., M. Agboatwalla, D.R. Feikin, J. Painter, W. Billhimer, A. Altaf and R.M. Hoekstra, 2005. “Effect of Handwashing on Child Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, The Lancet 366(9481): 225-233. Njuguna, V., B. Karanja, M. Thuranira, K. Shordt, M. Snel, S. Cairncross, A. Biran and W.-P. Schmidt, 2008. The Sustainability and Impact of School Sanitation, Water and Hygiene Education in Kenya. IRC & UNICEF. Available at: http://www.washenescuelas.org/toolkit/documentos/monitoreo-y-evaluacion/14-si-kenia/1-portada.pdf. Redhouse, D., 2004. “No Water, No School”, Oasis Spring/Summer 2004: 6-8. Available at: http://www.wateraid.org/international/about_us/oasis/springsummer_04/default.asp. Rhee, V., L.C. Mullany, S.K. Khatry, J. Katz, S.C. LeClerq, G.L. Darmstadt and J.M. Tielsch, 2008. “Maternal and Birth Attendant Hand Washing and Neonatal Mortality in Southern Nepal”, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 162(7): 603-608. Sanitation and Water for All, 2011: Sanitation and Water For All – Homepage, http://www.sanitationandwaterforall.org/Homepage. html (accessed online 2 March, 2011). UNDP, 2006. Human Development Report 2006: Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global Water Crisis. New York: UNDP. UNGEI, 2003. A Fair Chance: Attaining Gender Equality in Basic Education by 2005. Issue Brief. Global Campaign for Education. Available at: http://www.ungei.org/resources/files/gce_afairchance_full.pdf. UNICEF, 2006. Progress for Children: A Report Card on Water and Sanitation. UNICEF. UN-Water, 2009. Sanitation Contributes to Dignity and Social Development. UN-Water Factsheet. Available at: http://www.unwater.org/downloads/media/sanitation/iys/FactsheetNo.3_EN_2009.pdf. Water and Sanitation Programme, 2011: The Economic Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in India, http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/wsp-esi-india.pdf (accessed 2 March, 2011). WHO, 2002. World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva: WHO Press. Available at: http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/. WHO, 2010. UN-Water Global Annual Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) 2010: Targeting Resources for Better Results. Geneva: WHO Press. WHO/UNICEF, 2010. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2010 Update. Geneva: WHO Press. 92 The Global Water Crisis: Addressing an Urgent Security Issue
Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and the Millennium Development Goals Part 2 93
Page 1:
The Global Water Crisis: Addressing
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About the InterAction Council Estab
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Acknowledgements
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Foreword
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The undeniable seriousness of the g
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Foreword xiii
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The Global Water Crisis: Framing th
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Ethical considerations also need to
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3. Support Ratification of the UN W
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1 Water and Global Security
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Introduction Since the serious stat
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Jury and Vaux project that the numb
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5. The Potential for Conflict and t
Page 31 and 32:
References Cullen, H., 2010. The We
Page 33 and 34:
Introduction Water is an integral p
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shortage Statewide Regional Local N
Page 37 and 38:
summer months. To alleviate the con
Page 39 and 40:
References Department of Energy, 20
Page 41 and 42:
Introduction Water, economic and en
Page 43 and 44:
Economic analyses of ecosystem good
Page 45 and 46:
• Managing for sustainability. De
Page 47 and 48:
Richter, B.D., M.M. Davis, C. Apse
Page 49 and 50:
Introduction Water is an essential
Page 51 and 52:
early post-Cold War period, from a
Page 53 and 54:
2.4. Water, conflicts, and institut
Page 55 and 56: Renaud et al. (2011) proposed a pre
Page 57 and 58: Carius, A., D. Tänzler and A. Maas
Page 59 and 60: Turton, A.R., 2004. “The Evolutio
Page 61 and 62: Introduction In the West Asia and N
Page 63 and 64: 2. Water in the WANA Region 2.1. De
Page 65 and 66: Following on this, during a persona
Page 67 and 68: Below are some suggestions for how
Page 69 and 70: plants through evapo-transpiration)
Page 71 and 72: WANA Forum, 2010b. Toward Supra-nat
Page 73 and 74: Introduction “The trouble with wa
Page 75 and 76: • Upgrading current water infrast
Page 77 and 78: 60,000 ventilation improved pit lat
Page 79 and 80: 5. The Bottom Line It is widely ack
Page 81: The Blue Economy: Risks and Opportu
Page 84 and 85: 2.1 A Human Development Approach to
Page 86 and 87: apparatus assists nation-states in
Page 88 and 89: By ensuring that the international
Page 90 and 91: 2.2 Water and Health Security Ganes
Page 92 and 93: 1.1. Human-induced Pollutants Domes
Page 94 and 95: Table.1. Water pollutants and human
Page 96 and 97: In many urban and semi-urban areas,
Page 98 and 99: 2.3 Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and
Page 100 and 101: 1. The Impacts of Poor Water, Sanit
Page 102 and 103: 77 64 2015 MDG target Coverage (%)
Page 104 and 105: 3. The Neglect of the WASH Sector a
Page 108 and 109: 2.4 Water, Food and the Development
Page 110 and 111: 2. Keeping Pace with Change Since t
Page 112 and 113: one and has yet to attain widesprea
Page 114 and 115: 2.5 Investing in Women’s Particip
Page 116 and 117: of agriculture resulting mainly fro
Page 118 and 119: their substantial contribution is p
Page 120 and 121: Although cultural constraints still
Page 122 and 123: UNEP, 2009. Water Security and Ecos
Page 124 and 125: 2.6 Water Governance Reform in Afgh
Page 126 and 127: 1.2. The Extreme risk of food secur
Page 128 and 129: Furthermore, within each basin, lan
Page 130 and 131: 3.2. Early doubts vis-à-vis progre
Page 132 and 133: transboundary water management conc
Page 135 and 136: 3 Will the Right to Water Alleviate
Page 137 and 138: Introduction A growing number of ar
Page 139 and 140: 2. Ethical Perspectives on State Ob
Page 141 and 142: References Barlow, Maude, 2007. Blu
Page 143 and 144: Introduction It is widely recognize
Page 145 and 146: Later in 2010, the UN Human Rights
Page 147 and 148: 3.2. Legislative Recognition Dozens
Page 149 and 150: Mandela, M., 2002. No Water, No Fut
Page 151 and 152: Introduction South Africans have a
Page 153 and 154: water per person per day. The appli
Page 155 and 156: References Bluemel, E. B., 2004.
Page 157 and 158:
Introduction Water conflicts are nu
Page 159 and 160:
4. Water Policies and Their Impact
Page 161 and 162:
y its interconnection to encompass
Page 163 and 164:
Access to Water and Conflict: An In
Page 166 and 167:
Response from the InterAction Counc
Page 168 and 169:
As former U.S. President Mr. Bill C
Page 170 and 171:
The InterAction Council Québec Dec
Page 172:
List of Participants
Page 175 and 176:
List of Participants: 29 th Annual
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