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fouling, and improvements in salt removal and concentrate management and reuse, are areas where technological improvements could significantly reduce energy use in water treatment and pumping, as well as accelerate the use of non-traditional water resources by the energy sector. • Improve water assessment, and energy and water systems analysis and decision tools. Compounding the uncertainty of available water supplies is a lack of data on water consumption. Without water consumption data, it is impossible to accurately determine resources available for use. Improved water data collection, better water monitoring and sensors, and improved assessment of non-traditional water resources are needed to effectively quantify our water resources. Also, improved decision support tools and systems analysis approaches are needed to help communities and regions better address emerging challenges for the demand and availability of natural resources such as energy, water, land, and environment. Tying improved water availability data with decision support and planning tools would improve collaboration on energy and water planning and support system-level solutions that can improve energy reliability while at the same time reducing freshwater consumption. Conclusions While the final report on the energy-water research priorities for the next decade for the U.S. Department of Energy has not yet been published, the data presented in the Pate report (2007) does provide a reasonable overview of the global energy and water research directions and technology improvements needed to reduce the water footprint of future energy development in the U.S. Similar energy and water challenges and research needs have been identified and highlighted in recent studies in many countries and regions including Canada, Australia, Europe, and Asia (WEC, 2010; WEF, 2009; Kenway et al., 2009). As nations try to balance the demands and availability of water resources to support human health and economic development in the coming decades, developing technologies and approaches that reduce the water footprint of the energy sector will become an increasingly critical factor in maintaining national, regional, and global energy reliability, security, and sustainability. 24 The Global Water Crisis: Addressing an Urgent Security Issue
References Department of Energy, 2007. Energy Demands on Water Resources: Report to Congress on the Interdependency of Energy and Water. U.S. Department of Energy. Government Accountabilty Office, 2003. Freshwater Supply: State’s Views of How Federal Agencies Could Help them Meet the Challenges of Expected Shortages. U.S. Government Accountability Office. Hightower, 2010a. Water and Energy Challenges – Emerging Hydropower Opportunities. International Conference on Large Dams, May 2010. Hightower, 2010b. Reducing Water Use in Electric Power Generation – Reliability and Environmental Considerations. University Council on Water Resources. Hightower and Pate, 2011. Improving Water Use Efficiency in Biofuels Production-Energy Supply Reliability and Environmental Considerations. Seventh International Starch Technology Conference. Kenway et al., 2009. The Water-Energy Nexus – A Review. Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland. Mantell, 2009. Deep Shale Natural Gas: Abundant, Affordable, and Surprisingly Water Efficient. Ground Water Protection Council Energy Water Sustainability Symposium. National Drought Mitigation Center: Historical Maps of the Palmer Drought Index, available from http://drought.unl.edu/Planning/ Monitoring/HistoricalPDSIMaps.aspx (accessed April 2012). NETL, 2008. Estimating Freshwater Needs to Meet Future Thermoelectric Generation Requirements. DOE/NETL 400/2008/1339. U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. Pate et al., 2007. Overview of Energy-Water Interdependencies and the Emerging Demands on Water Resources. SAND2007-1349C. Sandia National Laboratories. World Energy Council, 2010. Water for Energy. World Energy Council. World Economic Forum, 2009. Energy Vision Update 2009, Thirsty Energy: Water and Energy in the 21 st Century. World Economic Forum. Water Impacts on Energy Security and Reliability Part 1 25
Page 1: The Global Water Crisis: Addressing
Page 4 and 5: About the InterAction Council Estab
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgements
Page 8: Foreword
Page 11 and 12: The undeniable seriousness of the g
Page 13: Foreword xiii
Page 16 and 17: The Global Water Crisis: Framing th
Page 18 and 19: Ethical considerations also need to
Page 20 and 21: 3. Support Ratification of the UN W
Page 23 and 24: 1 Water and Global Security
Page 25 and 26: Introduction Since the serious stat
Page 27 and 28: Jury and Vaux project that the numb
Page 29 and 30: 5. The Potential for Conflict and t
Page 31 and 32: References Cullen, H., 2010. The We
Page 33 and 34: Introduction Water is an integral p
Page 35 and 36: shortage Statewide Regional Local N
Page 37: summer months. To alleviate the con
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Water, economic and en
Page 43 and 44: Economic analyses of ecosystem good
Page 45 and 46: • Managing for sustainability. De
Page 47 and 48: Richter, B.D., M.M. Davis, C. Apse
Page 49 and 50: Introduction Water is an essential
Page 51 and 52: early post-Cold War period, from a
Page 53 and 54: 2.4. Water, conflicts, and institut
Page 55 and 56: Renaud et al. (2011) proposed a pre
Page 57 and 58: Carius, A., D. Tänzler and A. Maas
Page 59 and 60: Turton, A.R., 2004. “The Evolutio
Page 61 and 62: Introduction In the West Asia and N
Page 63 and 64: 2. Water in the WANA Region 2.1. De
Page 65 and 66: Following on this, during a persona
Page 67 and 68: Below are some suggestions for how
Page 69 and 70: plants through evapo-transpiration)
Page 71 and 72: WANA Forum, 2010b. Toward Supra-nat
Page 73 and 74: Introduction “The trouble with wa
Page 75 and 76: • Upgrading current water infrast
Page 77 and 78: 60,000 ventilation improved pit lat
Page 79 and 80: 5. The Bottom Line It is widely ack
Page 81: The Blue Economy: Risks and Opportu
Page 84 and 85: 2.1 A Human Development Approach to
Page 86 and 87: apparatus assists nation-states in
Page 88 and 89:
By ensuring that the international
Page 90 and 91:
2.2 Water and Health Security Ganes
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1.1. Human-induced Pollutants Domes
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Table.1. Water pollutants and human
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In many urban and semi-urban areas,
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2.3 Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and
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1. The Impacts of Poor Water, Sanit
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77 64 2015 MDG target Coverage (%)
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3. The Neglect of the WASH Sector a
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References Checkley, W., G. Buckley
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2.4 Water, Food and the Development
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2. Keeping Pace with Change Since t
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one and has yet to attain widesprea
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2.5 Investing in Women’s Particip
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of agriculture resulting mainly fro
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their substantial contribution is p
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Although cultural constraints still
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UNEP, 2009. Water Security and Ecos
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2.6 Water Governance Reform in Afgh
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1.2. The Extreme risk of food secur
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Furthermore, within each basin, lan
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3.2. Early doubts vis-à-vis progre
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transboundary water management conc
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3 Will the Right to Water Alleviate
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Introduction A growing number of ar
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2. Ethical Perspectives on State Ob
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References Barlow, Maude, 2007. Blu
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Introduction It is widely recognize
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Later in 2010, the UN Human Rights
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3.2. Legislative Recognition Dozens
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Mandela, M., 2002. No Water, No Fut
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Introduction South Africans have a
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water per person per day. The appli
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References Bluemel, E. B., 2004.
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Introduction Water conflicts are nu
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4. Water Policies and Their Impact
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y its interconnection to encompass
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Access to Water and Conflict: An In
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Response from the InterAction Counc
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As former U.S. President Mr. Bill C
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The InterAction Council Québec Dec
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List of Participants
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List of Participants: 29 th Annual
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