Torts - Cases, Principles, and Institutions Fifth Edition, 2016a

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Witt & Tani, TCPI 7. Proximate Cause Does it make sense to have different foreseeability standards for different causes of action—sometimes causes of action (as in products liability cases) that may appear in the same complaint? Why should contracts have a stricter foreseeability standard than torts? 378
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem CHAPTER 8. THE DUTY PROBLEM We have now walked through the basic steps of the tort cause of action in most unintentional torts case. It turns out, however, that there is still one more hurdle for the enterprising plaintiff’s lawyer and her client. For even when a defendant has acted negligently, and even when that negligent action was a necessary antecedent and a legal cause of the plaintiff’s injury, and even when the plaintiff has not acted negligently or assumed the risk herself, sometimes she still cannot recover. The principal reason for this doctrinally is the doctrine of duty. For in tort, the obligation of reasonable care is not a general duty owed to all the world. It is a domain-specific duty, owed to many third parties under many circumstances, to be sure, but not to all people at all times. The question of whether legal duty is properly an independent component of the inquiry in a torts case has been hotly contested for nearly a century now. Critics argue that to conclude that there was or was not a legal duty in a particular case is inevitably question begging and circular. Critics point out further that the kinds of factors that courts consider in determining whether a legal duty exists are precisely the kinds of factors the judge and jury are to consider at other stages of the inquiry. Defenders, by contrast, argue that the duty stage of the analysis is critical for understanding the relational character of tort law’s corrective justice project. One thing that the defenders’ argument has going for it is that historically, there have been an extraordinary array of areas in our social life to which the common law of torts attaches a special limited tort duty of care—or simply no duty of care at all. Having built up the negligence action in the past five chapters, the common law (at least in its traditional structure) sometimes seemed to dismantle the negligence action in virtually every significant domain of social life. In this chapter, we run through the principal social situations in which the law of torts recognizes no duty of reasonable care. Areas of limited or no duty abound. Historically, they have virtually covered the field of tort law, so much so (as the torts scholar Robert Rabin has observed) that the negligence cause of action barely existed until the middle of the nineteenth century. See Robert L. Rabin, The Historical Development of the Fault Principle: A Reinterpretation, 15 GA. L. REV. 925 (1981). The second half of the twentieth century witnessed the gradual erosion of these domains of limited or no duty of care and the concomitant expansion of the negligence action. The first example of a limited duty rule we take up below, however, is the classic rule holding that there is generally no duty to rescue. This rule is still running strong today. The nonexistence of such a duty to rescue, many say, is a powerful piece of evidence for the centrality of duty in our basic ideas about tort law. A. Is There a Duty to Rescue? It is well settled—and yet enduringly controversial—that the common law of torts imposes no general duty to rescue. The person who encounters an unconscious stranger face down in a puddle on the sidewalk has no tort duty to turn the stranger’s head, even if the person knows the stranger to be in imminent danger of death by drowning, and even if the person knows that the costs to herself of rescuing the stranger would be minimal. 379
Page 2 and 3:
Torts: Cases, Principles, and Insti
Page 4 and 5:
Witt & Tani, TCPI Notices This is
Page 6 and 7:
Witt & Tani, TCPI What did the ban
Page 8 and 9:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 3. Defense of Ch
Page 10 and 11:
Witt & Tani, TCPI Trimarco v. Klei
Page 12 and 13:
Witt & Tani, TCPI Ryan v. New York
Page 14 and 15:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Statutory Imm
Page 16 and 17:
Witt & Tani, TCPI Death Cases and
Page 18 and 19:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction f
Page 20 and 21:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction c
Page 22 and 23:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction g
Page 24 and 25:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction a
Page 26 and 27:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction l
Page 28 and 29:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction T
Page 30 and 31:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction I
Page 32 and 33:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction M
Page 34 and 35:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction Y
Page 36 and 37:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction I
Page 38 and 39:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction D
Page 40 and 41:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction f
Page 42 and 43:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction A
Page 44 and 45:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction D
Page 46 and 47:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction i
Page 48 and 49:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction C
Page 50 and 51:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 1. Introduction S
Page 52 and 53:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 2. Intentional Ha
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 3. Strict Liabili
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 4. Negligence Sta
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 5. Plaintiffs’
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
290 Witt & Tani, TCPI 5. Plaintiffs
Page 308 and 309:
292 Witt & Tani, TCPI 5. Plaintiffs
Page 310 and 311:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation CHAP
Page 312 and 313:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation neig
Page 314 and 315:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation extr
Page 316 and 317:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation [The
Page 318 and 319:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation ther
Page 320 and 321:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation The
Page 322 and 323:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation Mart
Page 324 and 325:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation basi
Page 326 and 327:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation JUST
Page 328 and 329:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation . .
Page 330 and 331:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation . .
Page 332 and 333:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation like
Page 334 and 335:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation But
Page 336 and 337:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation all
Page 338 and 339:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation anot
Page 340 and 341:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation it l
Page 342 and 343:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation the
Page 344 and 345: Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation bioa
Page 346 and 347: Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation simu
Page 348 and 349: Witt & Tani, TCPI 6. Causation Howe
Page 350 and 351: Witt & Tani, TCPI 7. Proximate Caus
Page 396 and 397: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem W
Page 398 and 399: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem b
Page 400 and 401: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem r
Page 402 and 403: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem I
Page 404 and 405: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem 7
Page 406 and 407: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem p
Page 408 and 409: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem d
Page 410 and 411: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem m
Page 412 and 413: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem A
Page 418 and 419: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem W
Page 422 and 423: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem e
Page 424 and 425: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem T
Page 426 and 427: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem (
Page 428 and 429: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem e
Page 430 and 431: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem N
Page 432 and 433: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem w
Page 436 and 437: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem A
Page 438 and 439: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem d
Page 440 and 441: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem .
Page 442 and 443: Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem N
Page 444 and 445:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem p
Page 446 and 447:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem [
Page 448 and 449:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem T
Page 450 and 451:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem 4
Page 452 and 453:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem t
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem f
Page 458 and 459:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem f
Page 460 and 461:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem c
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem P
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem C
Page 472 and 473:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem i
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem I
Page 478 and 479:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem c
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem O
Page 484 and 485:
Page 486 and 487:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem S
Page 488 and 489:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem a
Page 490 and 491:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem w
Page 492 and 493:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem O
Page 494 and 495:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 8. Duty Problem
Page 496 and 497:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 9. Liability with
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Page 520 and 521:
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
Page 526 and 527:
Page 528 and 529:
Page 530 and 531:
Page 532 and 533:
Page 534 and 535:
Page 536 and 537:
Page 538 and 539:
Page 540 and 541:
Page 542 and 543:
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546 and 547:
Page 548 and 549:
Page 550 and 551:
Page 552 and 553:
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
Page 562 and 563:
Page 564 and 565:
Page 566 and 567:
Page 568 and 569:
Page 570 and 571:
Page 572 and 573:
Page 574 and 575:
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
Page 580 and 581:
Page 582 and 583:
Page 584 and 585:
Page 586 and 587:
Page 588 and 589:
Page 590 and 591:
Page 592 and 593:
Page 594 and 595:
Page 596 and 597:
Page 598 and 599:
Page 600 and 601:
Page 602 and 603:
Page 604 and 605:
Page 606 and 607:
Page 608 and 609:
Page 610 and 611:
Page 612 and 613:
Page 614 and 615:
Page 616 and 617:
Page 618 and 619:
Page 620 and 621:
Page 622 and 623:
Page 624 and 625:
Page 626 and 627:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages losse
Page 628 and 629:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages prece
Page 630 and 631:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages Notes
Page 632 and 633:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages to ma
Page 634 and 635:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages both
Page 636 and 637:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages reaso
Page 638 and 639:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages [A] l
Page 640 and 641:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages Ameri
Page 642 and 643:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages The h
Page 644 and 645:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages We co
Page 646 and 647:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages If we
Page 648 and 649:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages disab
Page 650 and 651:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages distr
Page 652 and 653:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages the c
Page 654 and 655:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages “sh
Page 656 and 657:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages senti
Page 658 and 659:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages insti
Page 660 and 661:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages [T]he
Page 662 and 663:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages Baker
Page 664 and 665:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages Baker
Page 666 and 667:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages Issa
Page 668 and 669:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages corpo
Page 670 and 671:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages amoun
Page 672 and 673:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages and P
Page 674 and 675:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages promp
Page 676 and 677:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages numbe
Page 678 and 679:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages damag
Page 680 and 681:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages Kemez
Page 682 and 683:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages Take
Page 684 and 685:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages 3. Th
Page 686 and 687:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages At fi
Page 688 and 689:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages A Sta
Page 690 and 691:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages consi
Page 692 and 693:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages choic
Page 694 and 695:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages punis
Page 696 and 697:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages Court
Page 698:
Witt & Tani, TCPI 10. Damages gover
show all

Torts - Cases, Principles, and Institutions Fifth Edition, 2016a

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?