Redesigning Animal Agriculture

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10 Reef Safe Beef: Environmentally Sensitive Livestock Management for the Grazing Lands of the Great Barrier Reef Catchments Iain J. Gordon 1 and Brigid Nelson 2 1 Sustainable Ecosystems, CSIRO – Davies Laboratory, Queensland, Australia; 2 Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland, Australia Abstract Extensive beef production is one of the major land uses of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments. Across Queensland it brings in over A$3 billion to the national economy annually and employs nearly 9000 people, many of them in rural communities. As well as being the major industry supporting economic activities and urban centres in remote rural Queensland, over 80% of terrestrial sediments and nutrients deposited in the GBR World Heritage Area, affecting the health of vulnerable reef ecosystems, originate from the extensive grazing lands of Queensland’s interior. Recent research indicates that the quantity of sediments and nutrients lost from these grazing lands is strongly dependent upon grazing management practices which lead to degradation of soil and water resources, reduced infiltration and vegetation production. This has led to growing public concern about the environmental performance of the beef industry and increasing pressures on graziers to change their management practices to decrease off-property impacts. There is now an opportunity to assess options scientifically and provide guidance for the development of new on-property actions. These would be designed to allow an increase in profit from adopting sustainable grazing practices while reducing the off-property impacts of sediment and nutrient loss. In this chapter we argue that improvements in the quality of water draining into the GBR lagoon can best be achieved by demonstrating the productivity and economic benefits of science-based improved grazing management practices for graziers, leading to ‘Win–Win’ outcomes for all concerned. Background Queensland is renowned for its beef industry, which brings in over A$3.7 billion per annum (2004/05) to the national economy (North Australia Beef Research Council, 2006; Meat and Livestock Australia, 2006). In the last agricultural census held in 2001 there were approximately 13,000 farm businesses with beef cattle in Queensland, employing approximately 9000 people in North Queensland, many of them in rural communities, making the beef sector the State’s largest primary industry in terms of both value and number of enterprises (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003; Productivity Commission, 2003). Grazing lands cover over 75% of the Great Barrier Reef catchments (Fig. 10.1) ©CAB International 2007. Redesigning Animal Agriculture (eds D. Swain, E. Charmley, J. Steel and S. Coffey) 171
172 I. Gordon and B. Nelson 0 N Kilometres 300 LEGEND Land Use Predominantly beef grazing Sugar Other fertilized agriculture Extent of survey area Cotton National park State forest Urban Fig. 10.1. Land use in the catchments on the eastern seaboard of Queensland that drain into the lagoon of the Great Barrier Reef.
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Redesigning Animal Agriculture The
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Redesigning Animal Agriculture The
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Contents Contributors vii Acknowled
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Contributors Margaret Alston, Direc
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Acknowledgements “The editors gra
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Introduction to Redesigning Animal
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Introduction xiii factors). In rede
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1 Redesigning Animal Agriculture: a
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ing to the confusions and complexit
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such as environmental integrity alo
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The Systems Idea in Agriculture Sys
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These are all matters that are enti
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was intended to capture this vital
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wants and needs to be comprehensive
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people who can journey together tow
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A Systemic Perspective 17 Gunderson
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and telecommunications infrastructu
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y a move from a more intensive indu
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from 10 to 40% higher than urban Au
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in rural areas - environmental degr
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young people are leaving farms and
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Maintaining Vibrant Rural Communiti
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views in philosophical animal ethic
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case of virtues) there are specific
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animal ethics that is dominated by
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involves a detailed analysis of the
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to the idea that it is not wrong af
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not show sufficient respect to anim
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that ethical norms and ethical voca
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Ethics of Livestock Science 45 Diam
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plasticity of the genome and the po
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a highly predictable and beneficial
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immune response genes in both speci
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annotate these regions. The Herefor
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to their production source. This ca
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cially viable genetic tests. One re
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additive effects of the contributin
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understanding the relationship betw
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The Impact of Genomics 63 Mattick,
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5 Precision Animal Breeding Kishore
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effects (e.g. contemporary groups,
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the mean performance of the parenta
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or even shipped out overseas as liv
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tions underlying the desirable phen
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3. Markers 0.25 cM apart - through
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Infinitesimal Model y = Xb + Z1u +
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Precision Animal Breeding 79 Jansen
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6 Germ Cell Transplantation - a Nov
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testicular environment could be ove
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Brinster et al., 2003). Treatment o
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ingly sought after to produce bioph
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Acknowledgements Work from the auth
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Germ Cell Transplantation 91 epigen
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Germ Cell Transplantation 93 von Sc
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own maternal chromosomes. This reco
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eprogramming following NT, leading
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species (Schnieke et al., 1997) and
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lentivectors and RNA interference (
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under development as a biopharmaceu
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Rather than attempting to manipulat
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strated in transgenic mice over-exp
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Regulatory Issues The regulatory re
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health, fitness and behaviour of th
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goals. More specifically, it remain
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Cloning and Transgenesis 115 Gama,
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Cloning and Transgenesis 117 McCrea
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Cloning and Transgenesis 119 Stinna
Page 136 and 137: 8 Transforming Livestock with Trans
Page 138 and 139: have been adapted to allow more pre
Page 140 and 141: commercial lines is apparently not
Page 142 and 143: protection of the genome against mo
Page 144 and 145: (Hammond et al., 2000). Binding of
Page 146 and 147: There are a number of ways to produ
Page 148 and 149: ules that determine siRNA activity
Page 150 and 151: known influenza A virus H subtypes
Page 152 and 153: will need to be balanced against th
Page 154 and 155: Transforming Livestock with Transge
Page 160 and 161: Introduction A key difficulty faced
Page 162 and 163: dation to probabilistic (e.g. a giv
Page 164 and 165: Similarly, the probability that a d
Page 166 and 167: One approach to the development of
Page 168 and 169: 1 1 nb − ( m + mI ) m XS = ( m +
Page 170 and 171: 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 value of the st
Page 172 and 173: that shown in (9.9). In the sequel
Page 174 and 175: Metropolis-Hastings algorithm descr
Page 176 and 177: 30 20 10 logging system composed of
Page 178 and 179: 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0e+00
Page 180 and 181: confronting models with data in thi
Page 182 and 183: This is especially surprising since
Page 184 and 185: Stochastic Process-based Modelling
Page 188 and 189: and most beef is produced under ext
Page 190 and 191: Mean NDVI Burdekin Mean NDVI Fitzro
Page 192 and 193: High biomass/cover Also, the increa
Page 194 and 195: Good or ‘A’ condition has the f
Page 196 and 197: Value ($) Grazier disinclination of
Page 198 and 199: Reef Safe Beef 183 Ludwig, J.A., Wi
Page 200 and 201: 11 Meeting Ecological Restoration T
Page 202 and 203: evidence of only slight degradation
Page 204 and 205: Throughout the UK, there are spatia
Page 206 and 207: Quarterly flow weighted mean nitrat
Page 208 and 209: suggest that the majority of inland
Page 210 and 211: Table 11.3. Current problems in dif
Page 212 and 213: of diffuse nutrient loading on wate
Page 214 and 215: ● Introducing full nutrient budge
Page 216 and 217: following scenario 1, and scenario
Page 218 and 219: Ecological Restoration Targets 203
Page 220 and 221: This chapter draws on two examples
Page 222 and 223: (Firbank, 2005; Potter and Tilzey,
Page 224 and 225: growth in the export market has com
Page 226 and 227: the use of larger amounts of agroch
Page 228 and 229: need to establish partnerships with
Page 230 and 231: Social, Environmental and Economic
Page 232 and 233: adaptation to environment genetic b
Page 234 and 235: sequencing of 10, 000 non-redundant
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transfer of nutrients and micro-org
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genotypic value, and EBV 67-68 germ
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livestock transgenics for agricultu
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quantitative genetics use 66-69 sys
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speciesism 35 sperm-mediated gene t
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water quality EU Water Framework Di
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