Redesigning Animal Agriculture

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Contents Contributors vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction xi David L. Swain, Ed Charmley, John Steel and Shaun Coffey 1. Redesigning Animal Agriculture: a Systemic Perspective Richard Bawden 1 2. Maintaining Vibrant Rural Communities Margaret Alston 18 3. Ethics on the Frontiers of Livestock Science Paul B. Thompson 30 4. The Impact of Genomics on Livestock Production Ross Tellam 46 5. Precision Animal Breeding Kishore C. Prayaga and Antonio Reverter 65 6. Germ Cell Transplantation – a Novel Approach to ‘Designer’ Animals? Ina Dobrinski and Jonathan R. Hill 81 7. Cloning and Transgenesis to Redesign Livestock David N. Wells and Goetz Laible 94 8. Transforming Livestock with Transgenics: is Designed Resistance to Viral Diseases the Way Forward? Tim Doran and Luke Lambeth 121 9. Towards an Integrated Approach to Stochastic Process-based Modelling: with Applications to Animal Behaviour and Spatio-temporal Spread Glenn Marion, David M. Walker, Alex Cook, David L. Swain and Mike R. Hutchings 144 v
vi Contents 10. Reef Safe Beef: Environmentally Sensitive Livestock Management for the Grazing Lands of the Great Barrier Reef Catchments Iain J. Gordon and Brigid Nelson 171 11. Meeting Ecological Restoration Targets in European Waters: a Challenge for Animal Agriculture Penny J. Johnes 185 12. Livestock – Fulfi lling Social, Environmental and Economic Roles – is it Possible? David L. Swain and Margaret Gill 204 Index 217
Page 2 and 3: Redesigning Animal Agriculture The
Page 4 and 5: Redesigning Animal Agriculture The
Page 8 and 9: Contributors Margaret Alston, Direc
Page 10 and 11: Acknowledgements “The editors gra
Page 12 and 13: Introduction to Redesigning Animal
Page 14 and 15: Introduction xiii factors). In rede
Page 16 and 17: 1 Redesigning Animal Agriculture: a
Page 18 and 19: ing to the confusions and complexit
Page 20 and 21: such as environmental integrity alo
Page 22 and 23: The Systems Idea in Agriculture Sys
Page 24 and 25: These are all matters that are enti
Page 26 and 27: was intended to capture this vital
Page 28 and 29: wants and needs to be comprehensive
Page 30 and 31: people who can journey together tow
Page 32 and 33: A Systemic Perspective 17 Gunderson
Page 34 and 35: and telecommunications infrastructu
Page 36 and 37: y a move from a more intensive indu
Page 38 and 39: from 10 to 40% higher than urban Au
Page 40 and 41: in rural areas - environmental degr
Page 42 and 43: young people are leaving farms and
Page 44 and 45: Maintaining Vibrant Rural Communiti
Page 46 and 47: views in philosophical animal ethic
Page 48 and 49: case of virtues) there are specific
Page 50 and 51: animal ethics that is dominated by
Page 52 and 53: involves a detailed analysis of the
Page 54 and 55: to the idea that it is not wrong af
Page 56 and 57:
not show sufficient respect to anim
Page 58 and 59:
that ethical norms and ethical voca
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Ethics of Livestock Science 45 Diam
Page 62 and 63:
plasticity of the genome and the po
Page 64 and 65:
a highly predictable and beneficial
Page 66 and 67:
immune response genes in both speci
Page 68 and 69:
annotate these regions. The Herefor
Page 70 and 71:
to their production source. This ca
Page 72 and 73:
cially viable genetic tests. One re
Page 74 and 75:
additive effects of the contributin
Page 76 and 77:
understanding the relationship betw
Page 78 and 79:
The Impact of Genomics 63 Mattick,
Page 80 and 81:
5 Precision Animal Breeding Kishore
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effects (e.g. contemporary groups,
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the mean performance of the parenta
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or even shipped out overseas as liv
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tions underlying the desirable phen
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3. Markers 0.25 cM apart - through
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Infinitesimal Model y = Xb + Z1u +
Page 94 and 95:
Precision Animal Breeding 79 Jansen
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6 Germ Cell Transplantation - a Nov
Page 98 and 99:
testicular environment could be ove
Page 100 and 101:
Brinster et al., 2003). Treatment o
Page 102 and 103:
ingly sought after to produce bioph
Page 104 and 105:
Acknowledgements Work from the auth
Page 106 and 107:
Germ Cell Transplantation 91 epigen
Page 108 and 109:
Germ Cell Transplantation 93 von Sc
Page 110 and 111:
own maternal chromosomes. This reco
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eprogramming following NT, leading
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species (Schnieke et al., 1997) and
Page 116 and 117:
lentivectors and RNA interference (
Page 118 and 119:
under development as a biopharmaceu
Page 120 and 121:
Rather than attempting to manipulat
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strated in transgenic mice over-exp
Page 124 and 125:
Regulatory Issues The regulatory re
Page 126 and 127:
health, fitness and behaviour of th
Page 128 and 129:
goals. More specifically, it remain
Page 130 and 131:
Cloning and Transgenesis 115 Gama,
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Cloning and Transgenesis 117 McCrea
Page 134 and 135:
Cloning and Transgenesis 119 Stinna
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8 Transforming Livestock with Trans
Page 138 and 139:
have been adapted to allow more pre
Page 140 and 141:
commercial lines is apparently not
Page 142 and 143:
protection of the genome against mo
Page 144 and 145:
(Hammond et al., 2000). Binding of
Page 146 and 147:
There are a number of ways to produ
Page 148 and 149:
ules that determine siRNA activity
Page 150 and 151:
known influenza A virus H subtypes
Page 152 and 153:
will need to be balanced against th
Page 154 and 155:
Transforming Livestock with Transge
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Introduction A key difficulty faced
Page 162 and 163:
dation to probabilistic (e.g. a giv
Page 164 and 165:
Similarly, the probability that a d
Page 166 and 167:
One approach to the development of
Page 168 and 169:
1 1 nb − ( m + mI ) m XS = ( m +
Page 170 and 171:
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 value of the st
Page 172 and 173:
that shown in (9.9). In the sequel
Page 174 and 175:
Metropolis-Hastings algorithm descr
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30 20 10 logging system composed of
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0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0e+00
Page 180 and 181:
confronting models with data in thi
Page 182 and 183:
This is especially surprising since
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Stochastic Process-based Modelling
Page 186 and 187:
10 Reef Safe Beef: Environmentally
Page 188 and 189:
and most beef is produced under ext
Page 190 and 191:
Mean NDVI Burdekin Mean NDVI Fitzro
Page 192 and 193:
High biomass/cover Also, the increa
Page 194 and 195:
Good or ‘A’ condition has the f
Page 196 and 197:
Value ($) Grazier disinclination of
Page 198 and 199:
Reef Safe Beef 183 Ludwig, J.A., Wi
Page 200 and 201:
11 Meeting Ecological Restoration T
Page 202 and 203:
evidence of only slight degradation
Page 204 and 205:
Throughout the UK, there are spatia
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Quarterly flow weighted mean nitrat
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suggest that the majority of inland
Page 210 and 211:
Table 11.3. Current problems in dif
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of diffuse nutrient loading on wate
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● Introducing full nutrient budge
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following scenario 1, and scenario
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Ecological Restoration Targets 203
Page 220 and 221:
This chapter draws on two examples
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(Firbank, 2005; Potter and Tilzey,
Page 224 and 225:
growth in the export market has com
Page 226 and 227:
the use of larger amounts of agroch
Page 228 and 229:
need to establish partnerships with
Page 230 and 231:
Social, Environmental and Economic
Page 232 and 233:
adaptation to environment genetic b
Page 234 and 235:
sequencing of 10, 000 non-redundant
Page 236 and 237:
transfer of nutrients and micro-org
Page 238 and 239:
genotypic value, and EBV 67-68 germ
Page 240 and 241:
livestock transgenics for agricultu
Page 242 and 243:
quantitative genetics use 66-69 sys
Page 244 and 245:
speciesism 35 sperm-mediated gene t
Page 246:
water quality EU Water Framework Di
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