Redesigning Animal Agriculture
Redesigning Animal Agriculture
Redesigning Animal Agriculture
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228 Index<br />
RNA interference (RNAi) (continued)<br />
role in viral-directed immunity 127<br />
what is it? 125<br />
see also DNA delivered RNA interference<br />
(ddRNAi)<br />
RNA polymerase III promoters 125, 131, 133, 136<br />
categories 133–134<br />
RNA silencing pathways 125, 127<br />
RNAse III enzymes (Dicer) 127, 128<br />
rodents, germ cell transplantation 82, 84<br />
Rollin, Tom 35, 40, 41<br />
ruminants, success as a group 51<br />
rural communities 22–24<br />
ageing demographic 19<br />
decline in levels of social capital 24<br />
decline in young professionals 22<br />
‘downshifters’ moving into 22<br />
drought effects 21, 23–24<br />
educational access 23<br />
employment decline 21, 23<br />
environmental degradation 25<br />
gender drift 22<br />
health levels among 22–23<br />
and healthy agricultural sector 19<br />
impact of restructuring and neoliberal policies<br />
on 19, 20, 24–25<br />
investment in 25–26<br />
environmental capital 26<br />
human capital 26<br />
international capital 26<br />
lifestyle factors affecting 19, 21<br />
little to attract young people 19, 22<br />
loss of young people 22, 27<br />
maintaining vibrant 18–27, 212<br />
male suicide 23<br />
multifunctionality 24–26<br />
population decline 22<br />
pressures on 19<br />
removal of services from 24<br />
retirees moving to 22<br />
significance for farm families 21<br />
stresses on 22–23<br />
‘tree-changers’ moving into 22<br />
why are they needed? 24–26<br />
see also farm families in Australia<br />
rural farming communities, need to establish<br />
partnerships with urban/non-farming<br />
communities 213<br />
rural women<br />
domestic violence towards 23<br />
employment of 21<br />
Salner, M 9, 10, 13–14<br />
scientists<br />
as participants in systems of nature 13<br />
as ‘public decision makers’ 12<br />
scrapie 55<br />
Second Order Systemics 6, 9<br />
sediment input into Great Barrier Reef<br />
Lagoon 174<br />
selective breeding 47<br />
seminiferous tubule colonization by transplanted<br />
germ cells 84<br />
need for endogenous germ cell<br />
depletion 84–85<br />
sequential gene targeting 100<br />
Sertoli cells<br />
germ cell recognition 82<br />
pre-pubertal animals 84<br />
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 134<br />
sewage treatment works, P and N removal,<br />
EU 188<br />
sheep industry 21<br />
sheep production, diffuse nutrient export, UK<br />
waters 194, 195, 197<br />
short hairpin RNA (shRNA) 131<br />
effector molecule design 133<br />
structure 132<br />
short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression 131<br />
inducible promoter systems 131<br />
viral-based systems 131–132<br />
shRNA-mediated ddRNAi 132<br />
for avian influenza resistant poultry 136<br />
Singer, Peter 34, 35, 37<br />
Sire Model 67<br />
small interfering RNA (siRNA) 126<br />
in RNAi cellular mechanism 128, 129<br />
role in gene expression 127<br />
synthetic 129–131<br />
small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression,<br />
DNA-delivered 131–132<br />
SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)<br />
markers 72, 75<br />
bovine genome 51, 52, 53–54, 56<br />
number required dependent on linkage<br />
disequilibrium 54<br />
social aspects of sustainable livestock<br />
development 206–207<br />
social capital, decline in rural communities 24<br />
social sustainability of agriculture 18–19<br />
social systems 5<br />
societal values, changing towards agriculture of<br />
livestock and the environment 212–214<br />
somatic cell nuclear transfer 94, 95<br />
in animal species 95<br />
animal welfare concerns 110<br />
disease model applications 104<br />
donor cells 95–96<br />
efficiency 96<br />
in farm animals 99<br />
impact of stage of donor cell cycle on<br />
efficiency 96<br />
mortality rates in cattle 96
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