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forums are not supported by advance discussions amongst the NGOs, and hence the discussion in the meetings is often focused on performance monitoring. The growing preparedness of NSA for participation in policy dialogue has to be matched with a corresponding interest in government to engage in this area. If not, the starts could fail to deliver what is expected. For example, the Bahir Dar Chamber of Commerce and Sector Associations have developed an advocacy action plan entitled as Bahir-Dar Business Agenda. On its part the Regional Office of CETU has a negotiation plan with the over 20 shortly anticipated investors in the floriculture field over the issue of employee's health safety (agrichemical poisoning). Such attempts should be encouraged by all stakeholders. During the time of the field work, for example, the regional chapter of EWLA had a validation workshop on action research findings about domestic violence against women 16 . This being an important engagement, elaborating existing legal gaps and also outlining actions needed by the various stakeholders, one expects active participation of officials and leaders responsible for the protection of women rights. However, during the first day session of the above workshop some vital institutions were missing 17 . More capacity building is needed on both sides to maximize gains from policy dialogue. On the other hand the BOFED and CRDA have initiated a taskforce (Population, Health and Environment - PHE Taskforce) for regularizing discussions on these topics. The fact that the BOFED is involved in the initiation of this taskforce is encouraging. Once more there is a need to harmonize the initiative with other frameworks. 9. Engagement in Political Dialogue As in most other regions, NSA participation in political dialogue processes is rather lacking. Regarding acceptability of such role, Speaker of the Council 18 pointed that the regional constitution has a unique provision (compared to federal and other regions) that allow and welcome organized community groups not only to observe, but also to present draft bills for deliberation by the Council. So far, the regional MBAs get invitations as observers and attend the Council meetings. But, no one has used the opportunity to voice on issues of relevance to their constituency. As a new development, the regional Council has started drafting a guideline for facilitating the participation of organized community groups in the Councils at the different layers of administration. If finalized this initiative could be counted as a regional progress in facilitating CSO participation in governance as pledged in the PASDEP policy matrix. 10. Internal Organisation and Resources The emergence of more and more membership based associations and clubs is an encouraging trend. Some are demonstrating the possibility of mobilizing resources from within the community to respond to local needs. The unionized Iddir in Bahir Dar is typical example. Using the organizational profile (big membership) others have managed to influence local authorities positively and thereby access community resources in pursuit of operational objectives. For example, the legally registered Community Development Committees in Bahir Dar have facilitated for JeCCDO to access plot of land for implementing environmental health and income generating activities. 16 Project supported by CSF, through OXFAM/GB 17 It was learned that the Head of the Regional Women Affairs' Bureau, despite the invitation did not showup or delegate some one to the meeting. Likewise, the Speaker of the Regional Council, a woman, was not invited to the session. 18 From the discussion with HE Dr Misrak Mekonnen 120
The bigger region-wide membership-based associations (Youth, Women, and ADA) collect regular subscriptions that are shared proportionally with the structures at the different administrative layers. For example the Amhara Women Association claims to have about 600,000 members each contributing 3 Birr per annum. Of the total amount, 75% is shared by Association units at zone, woreda and kebele levels. Mobilizing members to effect the annual subscriptions is one of the major roles of elected officials at local levels. Failure to mobilize and collect fairly good amount of membership fee can result in the withholding of salary for the full-time officials at woreda level 19 . Because of this situation the local level MBA officials are not in a position to develop their own action plans and undertake activities that serve the interests of their members. Instead the offices are physically located within the respective woreda offices (that is youth in the Youth and sport Office, and Women in Women Affairs Office), and are financially subsidized for their outreach programmes (mostly accompanying staff from the sector offices). NSA involved in HIV/AIDS prevention and control programme do still get funding from the MAP II and GFTAM programmes. In addition, the regional programmes of AAE and PFI have been supporting projects and programmes of regional NGOs. The resources from these windows have enabled many of the regional organization to start and/or scale up operation. The PSNP participation of NGOs is financially supported by USAID. Only international NGOs having origins/presence in the USA are allowed to apply and access the resources. Amongst the national and regional NGOs only ORDA has managed to establish partnership in implementing the PSNP with the international NGOs. The Glamour of Hope Foundation, the European Union, and the PEFAR (USAID) are amongst the other major fund sources for environmental, water resources and child development programmes of major NGOs in the region. 11. Capacity Building Needs The following are major actions needed to enhance the regional NSA evolvement and participation process in the coming years: a) Support the regional networking initiatives - coordination and linkages, strengthening constituency support, multi-year programme development, roll-out to zonal and woreda levels, and facilitating experience exchange, b) Support initiatives for organizational development in the emerging regional associations - promotion of best practices, experience exchanges, tailored training courses, support for systems and manuals development, c) Support initiatives of data and information collection, analysis and dissemination, d) Promote strategies that facilitate joint implementation and integration between the different typologies of the regional NSA (international, national, regional, FBO, Chambers, Trade Unions and Professional Associations, etc.), e) Promote initiatives that bring together regional/local authorities and NSA in researching, joint appraisal and planning, f) Support initiatives that facilitate dialogue and cooperation between the bigger membershipbased associations and the emerging related localized groups (for example; the ADA entering into dialogue and cooperation with the localized development associations, or the Amhara Women Association with the various specialized Associations of women). g) Support NSA initiatives of scaling-up success stories in community organizing for sustained and enhanced participation in local governance process, h) Support initiatives of enhancing NSA skills and structures for resource mobilization, and 19 From the discussion with Beletu Desale, Secretary Gubalafto Woreda Women Association, Woldiya 121
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Framework Contract Benef. Lot N° 7
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1. Regional Report Afar 1 General r
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o A recent development which is bri
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3 Activities and Sector Distributio
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The following table summarises the
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Emergency and Food Security: Partic
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Apart from the misconception about
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technology like feed and fodder dev
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• The scope of activities that an
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3.2. Activities and Sector Distribu
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Table 5. Sectoral Focuses of NGO Pr
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up support that enable them to enga
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of new NGOs and also for existing o
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day management functions. Most deci
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The Major characteristics can be su
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4. Reg. apex/Networking Organisatio
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d. Summary of Values and Beneficiar
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o Participation of NSA: IIRO, Youth
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The role of the Private Sector Priv
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in different Non-State institutions
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Internal Processes Internal process
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the active age population is highly
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of 15-49 which indicates that the a
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3. High level of mushrooming of CBO
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The above data are shown in the cha
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3.2. Summary of Values and Benefici
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o Recognition by the City Administr
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o Recognition by the City Administr
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8. The facilitation of CSOs structu
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• Project study teams had also ma
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� Opportunities for learning on a
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2. Major highlights of current find
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20 4. FBOs (national and internatio
Page 69 and 70: 5. Qualitative Information on NSA C
Page 71 and 72: Table 4. No of projects, beneficiar
Page 73 and 74: Chart 2 Sectoral distribution of NG
Page 75 and 76: capital of about Birr 134.3 million
Page 77 and 78: In the NSA that are hierarchical, l
Page 79 and 80: mobilization than NGOs lobbying and
Page 81 and 82: GO - NGO forum has been instrumenta
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Page 85 and 86: Iddirs and CBOs Advocacy & HR organ
Page 87 and 88: Agriculture, Natural resource & Env
Page 89 and 90: 6 Trade Unions One of the main CETU
Page 91 and 92: 11 Engagement in Policy Dialogue. N
Page 93 and 94: � Historical roles, linkages, leg
Page 95 and 96: Table 1. TNRS NSA Typologies and si
Page 97 and 98: Table 3: Basic Cooperatives in Tigr
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Page 101 and 102: � Supporting basic education - Th
Page 103 and 104: � A regional network that brings
Page 105 and 106: At woreda level NSA have relatively
Page 107 and 108: The Region has executed the Woreda
Page 109 and 110: Table 1. ANRS NSA typologies and si
Page 111 and 112: 2.2. Distribution of NSA in ANRS Th
Page 113 and 114: Source: Based on FSPC&DPP Office Da
Page 115 and 116: On the part of NGOs, the engagement
Page 117 and 118: “Our finger-prints are visible on
Page 119: Furthermore, some regional NSAs are
Page 123 and 124: First, there is a need to ensure eq
Page 125 and 126: Reg. registered Asso. of PLWHA = 3
Page 127 and 128: Zonal Distribution of Ongoing Proje
Page 129 and 130: o Next steps - NGOs moving into new
Page 131 and 132: Regional NGOs 12 Anti-AIDS & Reprod
Page 133 and 134: Establish inclusive development par
Page 135 and 136: � Need to support the regional NS
Page 137 and 138: Regional NGOs = 4 Wanthia, Asso for
Page 139 and 140: Peace building 0 3 3 PACT ETH, ACOR
Page 141: Both organizations usually get the
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