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4. Regional Report Dire Dawa 1. General remarks on NSA at territorial level. a. Background about Dire Dawa • Dire Dawa is the second largest city in Ethiopia. It was one of the fast growing cities in Ethiopia owing to its strategic location on the rail way line which connects the capital Addis Ababa to the Djibouti port. This has been sensible in the early 60’s when small and medium scale industries start flourishing and rural to urban migration increased the urban population. • However this does not kept its pace as the centrally planned economic policy of the former regime hindered investment and contraband trade prevailed in the late 70’s and 80’s. The slow down of port transit service via Djibouti in the 90’s cause the declining of rail way service, which contributed to economic decline of city. Recently, the tighter control system markedly minimized contraband trade and most of the people involved in this illegal activity turned to be unemployed. The defective education policy of the former regime produced vast school leaver unemployed. Currently, the unemployment condition worsened deepening poverty condition in the city which is manifested by increased number of marginalized groups like street children, beggars, commercial sex workers, addicts, juvenile delinquents and squatter settlers. • The total population of Dire Dawa is estimated to be 384,000 out of which 74% (284,000) live in urban while the rest 26% (100,000) live in rural areas. • Trade and industry are the predominant sectors of Dire Dawa’s economy. The city is acknowledged to be a centre of trade and industry in East Ethiopia. The majority of the people directly or indirectly derive its livelihood from trade, industry and related activities. • Dire Dawa is a chartered city and has two tiers of government structure: administration & Kebele levels. There are 9 urban & 25 rural kebeles. Government Offices are organized under municipality & government Executive Organs (Bureaus); • The 1999/2000 household income, consumption and expenditure survey report of CSA indicates that, the per capita income/expenditure of Dire Dawa was 1937 birr which is actually greater than by 7.72 % compared to the preceding four years. Though, it seems that the per capita income/expenditure of Dire Dawa has shown an improvement, it has been observed over the same period that the growth is not reflected in the life of the poor, rather the income gap between the lower and the upper class of the community is widen. As a result the number of households that live below absolute poverty line has increased from the year 1995/96 to 1999/2000 by 8.5 % while it slightly declined by 1.3 % at national level. • The current HIV/AIDS prevalence of urban and rural Dire Dawa is 10.9% and 1.3 % respectively. On the other hand, the total positive population of Dire Dawa is currently estimated to be 17,035 in urban and 707 in rural. Female and male HIV positive is expected to be 9,426 and 7,609 respectively. From the total HIV positive population the higher share lies between the age of 15-49 (15,931 positive people), which indicates that 44
the active age population is highly affected by the epidemic of HIV/aids. The number of orphans with aids is also increasing over the years. The number of orphans due to AIDS is expected to be 7120 and 249 in urban and rural areas respectively; • The administration has faced multidimensional problems of implementation capacity at all levels which can be manifested in its manpower, organization and overall operational systems. Among these the following are the major ones: a) Wide span of Institutional structure; b) Very poor working systems; c) Lack of proclamation, regulation & directives; d) Lack of Administrative Policies & Strategies; e) Lack of commitment at all level; f) Inadequate man Power in skill, qualification & number; g) No integration among the development programs; h) Absence of vision and strategic thinking; i) Lack of community participation; l)Lack of an enabling environment & Institutional capacity for CSOs & Private Sector; • According to the gender specific base line survey result, it was identified that women in Dire Dawa spend on average 11.05 hours on work each day. Regarding employment opportunity, unemployed urban female accounts for 71 %, this implies women have less access for employment opportunities than their male counterparts. Resources accessed by women at household level are largely homestead lands, small animals (sheep, goats, and hens), milk and egg, and small farm implements. Again, from those women with access to the above mentioned resources those who had controlling power over the resources were found to be only 21 %. Beyond the level of household economy, access to resources and opportunities to improve working conditions, productivity level (existing and scaled- up) and equal participation of women in development practices is lacking to a tremendous level; • The total revenue of Dire Dawa is highly dominated by external sources that cover on average about 65%, in which 52%, 8% and 5% is contributed by central government grant, borrowing and assistance from foreign sources in their order. The local sources of revenue on average contribute only 35%, in which municipal revenues share is only 10% while non-municipal revenue cover 25%. These indicate that the city is highly dependent on external sources. Moreover, out of the total amount of revenue, the recurrent expenditure accounts for the lion share of the administration’s expenditure. It is also observed that the wage bill as percentage of own revenue is becoming higher in recent years; • The recharge in the hillsides and mountainous areas of the southern, south-eastern and south-western part of the administration is highly degraded in mainly due to expansion of farmland, population pressure, cutting of trees, shrubs and bushes, fuel wood consumption, poorly managed catchments rehabilitation work, and naturally low level of moisture and vegetation cover. This aggravates the problem of soil erosion and subsequent sever reduction of soil thickness in the escarpment zone. This in turn influence recharge condition of the administration to be minimal with very high runoff. As a result there is high seasonal fluctuation of groundwater level and hence decrease in springs discharge, yield of shallow wells and moderately deep boreholes, and even drying of many springs and boreholes; • Refuse and liquid waste disposal sites in Dire Dawa is inappropriate and unorganized. The waste in the city is not properly stored, collected, transported and disposed off, but accumulated on open lands and open drainage ditches thus providing breeding areas for disease vectors and create un-aesthetic view for the city; 45
Page 1 and 2: Framework Contract Benef. Lot N° 7
Page 3 and 4: 1. Regional Report Afar 1 General r
Page 5 and 6: o A recent development which is bri
Page 7 and 8: 3 Activities and Sector Distributio
Page 9 and 10: The following table summarises the
Page 11 and 12: Emergency and Food Security: Partic
Page 13 and 14: Apart from the misconception about
Page 15 and 16: technology like feed and fodder dev
Page 17 and 18: • The scope of activities that an
Page 19 and 20: 3.2. Activities and Sector Distribu
Page 21 and 22: Table 5. Sectoral Focuses of NGO Pr
Page 23 and 24: up support that enable them to enga
Page 25 and 26: of new NGOs and also for existing o
Page 27 and 28: day management functions. Most deci
Page 29: The Major characteristics can be su
Page 32 and 33: 4. Reg. apex/Networking Organisatio
Page 34 and 35: d. Summary of Values and Beneficiar
Page 36 and 37: o Participation of NSA: IIRO, Youth
Page 38 and 39: The role of the Private Sector Priv
Page 40 and 41: in different Non-State institutions
Page 42: Internal Processes Internal process
Page 47 and 48: of 15-49 which indicates that the a
Page 49 and 50: 3. High level of mushrooming of CBO
Page 51 and 52: The above data are shown in the cha
Page 53 and 54: 3.2. Summary of Values and Benefici
Page 55 and 56: o Recognition by the City Administr
Page 57 and 58: o Recognition by the City Administr
Page 59 and 60: 8. The facilitation of CSOs structu
Page 61 and 62: • Project study teams had also ma
Page 63 and 64: � Opportunities for learning on a
Page 65 and 66: 2. Major highlights of current find
Page 67 and 68: 20 4. FBOs (national and internatio
Page 69 and 70: 5. Qualitative Information on NSA C
Page 71 and 72: Table 4. No of projects, beneficiar
Page 73 and 74: Chart 2 Sectoral distribution of NG
Page 75 and 76: capital of about Birr 134.3 million
Page 77 and 78: In the NSA that are hierarchical, l
Page 79 and 80: mobilization than NGOs lobbying and
Page 81 and 82: GO - NGO forum has been instrumenta
Page 83 and 84: Regionally registered Youth Associa
Page 85 and 86: Iddirs and CBOs Advocacy & HR organ
Page 87 and 88: Agriculture, Natural resource & Env
Page 89 and 90: 6 Trade Unions One of the main CETU
Page 91 and 92: 11 Engagement in Policy Dialogue. N
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� Historical roles, linkages, leg
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Table 1. TNRS NSA Typologies and si
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Table 3: Basic Cooperatives in Tigr
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development; HIV/AIDS; environmenta
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� Supporting basic education - Th
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� A regional network that brings
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At woreda level NSA have relatively
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The Region has executed the Woreda
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Table 1. ANRS NSA typologies and si
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2.2. Distribution of NSA in ANRS Th
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Source: Based on FSPC&DPP Office Da
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On the part of NGOs, the engagement
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“Our finger-prints are visible on
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Furthermore, some regional NSAs are
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The bigger region-wide membership-b
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First, there is a need to ensure eq
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Reg. registered Asso. of PLWHA = 3
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Zonal Distribution of Ongoing Proje
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o Next steps - NGOs moving into new
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Regional NGOs 12 Anti-AIDS & Reprod
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Establish inclusive development par
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� Need to support the regional NS
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Regional NGOs = 4 Wanthia, Asso for
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Peace building 0 3 3 PACT ETH, ACOR
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Both organizations usually get the
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