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6. Regional Report SNNPR 1 General remarks on NSA at territorial level. 1.1. Background about the SNNPR The Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) is the most multi –ethnic regional state of Ethiopia SNNPR embraces populous nations and nationalities like Sidama, Wolaita, Kembata, Hadiya, Gurage and Gedeo and also a large number of ethnic groups. It is also the region representing people from varieties of large nations and numerous small nationalities with distinct language, tradition, culture and custom. Thus, the SNNPR is unique in that it represents an extensive geographic area and a large population of high diversity that live in unity. Like the diversity in the ethnicity, culture of its people, language, etc, the SNNPR also comprises a very large geographic area with considerable variation in agro – climate, weather pattern and socio-economic condition. The livelihood of the region’s population is primarily dependent on sedentary agriculture while a large proportion is also dependent on livestock production especially in the pastoral and agro-pastoral areas bordering with Kenya. Even though SNNPR is one of the most fertile regions, it is one of the regions where there is lack of access to basic social services and hence the coverage of services like education, health, water supply, etc is very low. Apart from the underdeveloped social and economic infrastructure, there is widespread poverty resulting to a large proportion of the population that live below the poverty line. On the basis of the 1995/96 poverty indices, the poverty index (Po) estimated for the SNNPR is 0.56 as compared to the national average of 0.46 1 . According to this study, in 1995/96, more than 50 percent of people living in consumption poverty resided in two regions which are the SNNPR and Amhara Regional States. Despite improvement in the incidences of poverty, a poverty index of 0.51 was estimated in 1999/00 indicating still a very high level of poverty incidence in this region. On top the persistence of high poverty level, there is a rapid population growth, land degradation and natural resource depletion that lead to the loss of agricultural productivity, food shortages and the aggravation of food insecurity of the region’s population. Moreover, the suffering of households and people in the region also results from major shocks and disasters and shocks that are caused by famine and food shortages due to the lack of rain and crop failure. The vulnerability and shocks of livelihood is especially more aggravated in the lowland or Kolla areas where the recurrence of drought and rain shortage results in the scarcity of pasture and water supply results in the suffering of pastoral population that depend on livestock for livelihood. Due to the high poverty incidence and livelihood vulnerability, currently there are numerous NSA of diverse types that operate in the SNNPR. As the problems faced by the people are diverse and multi-faceted, different project activities are undertaken to address the various problems of the people. The types of NSA operational in the region, thematic areas, activity sectors and coverage have been assessed and mapped as described below briefly. 1.2. NSA in SNNPR from the previous mapping The previous mapping study briefly describes the NSA in SNNPR and the findings include; 1) BoFED is responsible for the registration and supervision of NGO activities while the responsibility of Civil Association and Public Participation for the registration of mass and membership based organizations. As noted from the spokesperson, it is the mass and membership based organizations that have more roles in policy making through public 1 MoFED, Ethiopia: Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program, Addis Ababa, 2002, 78
mobilization than NGOs lobbying and advocacy. 2) The study identified that World Vision and Action Aid which were working on human rights are some of the large international NGOs present while the Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association and Progynist working on human right and women empowerment were taken as some “interesting” Ethiopian NGOs 3) The Ethiopian Pastoralists Research and Development Association has been identified as an example of NGOs working on conflict resolution and many faith-based organizations present in the SNNPR are mainly working on development more than in other regions. 4) However, instead of stating ‘some NGOs’ or ‘other small’ or “unnamed organisations”, the study should have clarified NGOs which the Government spokesperson referred to as exemplary for effective lobbying and advocacy and/or conflict resolution between Omo and Oromia people s but does not clarify the which NGOs. 5) SEPDA is the main development association which is an umbrella organization for 21 mostly ethnic based smaller development associations which it assists in capacity building, fund raising and project proposal preparation. According to the study, SEPDA works differently…..because its inputs appear to have fewer acceptances in government policy making. 1.3. Major highlights of current findings • SNNPR is endowed with NSA of diverse nature including CSO such as CBO including Iddir, self-help associations and also interest groups organized by age and sex like youth and women associations as well as clubs such as anti-HIV/AIDS, environmental, etc. There are also local and regional development associations, cooperative organizations and unions, savings and credit, labour unions and professional associations. • NGOs are the most active NSA which are large in number and diverse in typology, sector and thematic area as well as coverage. Currently there are nearly 115 NGO operational in the region while the on-going project activities are about 336 covering a wide range of sector and thematic areas. In terms of their typology, there are 70 national NGOs 28 international NGOs while the remaining 17 are FBO. • Even though NGOs mobilize enormous resources and reach a large beneficiary population, there is inconsistency in the estimates of project budget and the number of beneficiaries served. On the basis of the DPPA data, the total NGO project budget for the period 2004 – 2007 is about 1.47 million Birr and over 47 million project beneficiaries. According to the SNNPR BoFED however, the estimate of on-going project budget and the total number of beneficiaries are about one billion Birr and nearly 12.7 million respectively. Nevertheless, a single NGO alone, like World Vision has over 1.2 million project beneficiaries and mobilizes over USD 1.4 million or about 12.8 million Birr. Thus, the inconsistency appears to have emanated either due to the weakness of the MIS in use or the intention to overshadow the resource potential and role of NGO as development partners. • Nevertheless, the regional state including sector bureaus do recognize the important role and also the significance of NGOs contribution in the development endeavours of the SNNPR. Their participation and contribution is well recognized specially in the sectors that include agriculture and agro-pastoral, food security and emergency programmes, water and sanitation, education and health which are pro-poor and community based on-going projects. They also undertake project activities that target marginalized groups and the 79
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Framework Contract Benef. Lot N° 7
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1. Regional Report Afar 1 General r
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o A recent development which is bri
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3 Activities and Sector Distributio
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The following table summarises the
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Emergency and Food Security: Partic
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Apart from the misconception about
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technology like feed and fodder dev
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• The scope of activities that an
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3.2. Activities and Sector Distribu
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Table 5. Sectoral Focuses of NGO Pr
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up support that enable them to enga
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of new NGOs and also for existing o
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Page 29: The Major characteristics can be su
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Page 36 and 37: o Participation of NSA: IIRO, Youth
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Page 40 and 41: in different Non-State institutions
Page 42: Internal Processes Internal process
Page 45 and 46: the active age population is highly
Page 47 and 48: of 15-49 which indicates that the a
Page 49 and 50: 3. High level of mushrooming of CBO
Page 51 and 52: The above data are shown in the cha
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Page 61 and 62: • Project study teams had also ma
Page 63 and 64: � Opportunities for learning on a
Page 65 and 66: 2. Major highlights of current find
Page 67 and 68: 20 4. FBOs (national and internatio
Page 69 and 70: 5. Qualitative Information on NSA C
Page 71 and 72: Table 4. No of projects, beneficiar
Page 73 and 74: Chart 2 Sectoral distribution of NG
Page 75 and 76: capital of about Birr 134.3 million
Page 77: In the NSA that are hierarchical, l
Page 81 and 82: GO - NGO forum has been instrumenta
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Page 85 and 86: Iddirs and CBOs Advocacy & HR organ
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Page 89 and 90: 6 Trade Unions One of the main CETU
Page 91 and 92: 11 Engagement in Policy Dialogue. N
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Page 95 and 96: Table 1. TNRS NSA Typologies and si
Page 97 and 98: Table 3: Basic Cooperatives in Tigr
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Page 105 and 106: At woreda level NSA have relatively
Page 107 and 108: The Region has executed the Woreda
Page 109 and 110: Table 1. ANRS NSA typologies and si
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Page 115 and 116: On the part of NGOs, the engagement
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Page 119 and 120: Furthermore, some regional NSAs are
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Page 123 and 124: First, there is a need to ensure eq
Page 125 and 126: Reg. registered Asso. of PLWHA = 3
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o Next steps - NGOs moving into new
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Regional NGOs 12 Anti-AIDS & Reprod
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Establish inclusive development par
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� Need to support the regional NS
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Regional NGOs = 4 Wanthia, Asso for
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Peace building 0 3 3 PACT ETH, ACOR
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Both organizations usually get the
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