April 2012 Volume 15 Number 2 - Educational Technology & Society

of the questionnaire (using Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.78. Analysis of the herein-considered sample showed a
reasonable level of reliability (alpha>0.70). On average, learners reported highly positive attitudes towards MTVRS
as a mobile reflective learning environment (M=4.01, SD=0.68).
Besides, Table 2 presents the descriptive statistics for each UMLS item. On the questionnaire survey, a mean of 4 or
more was recorded for items 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22 and 23. This result indicated most learners thought
using the MTVRS could enhance their attitudes toward mobile technologies and be useful in better understanding
traffic violations. For instance, item 1: “MLS is useful for creating traffic violation issues”, most learners agreed that
MLS is useful for posing traffic violations issues (M=4.13, SD=0.49).
Following the use of mobile technologies with MTVRS, learners highly agreed with the benefits regarding their
understanding of traffic violations problems from their real life surroundings. The highest score was recorded on the
questionnaire for item 15: “MLS is an effective method for providing personalized information with regard to traffic
violation issues” (M=4.38, SD=0.71). This result indicated mobile devices can provide scaffolding to the learners
with effective approaches to investigation.
Further, in terms of item “Overall, satisfaction with MLS with regard to traffic violation issues is acceptable”, the
result indicated learners generally accepted using MTVRS in an ML environment with regard to traffic violations
was supported and satisfactory (M=4.16, SD=0.68). According to the result of item 23: “Using MLS gives users
opportunity to join reflection about traffic violation issues without the limitation of time and space”, the
questionnaire mean was 4.06 (SD=0.84). The result indicated learners had high agreement in using MTVRS to
reflect traffic violation problems in the ML environment. In sum, the findings of the questionnaire were positive and
satisfactory.
Table 2. Descriptive statistics for UMLS items
Items Mean SD
1. MLS is useful for creating traffic violations issues. 4.13 0.49
2. MLS is a good reflection tool for creating traffic violations issues. 3.88 0.61
3. MLS is easy to use for creating traffic violations issues. 4.19 0.69
4. MLS made it easier to understand traffic violations issues. 4.09 0.64
5. MLS makes a good forum for interaction. 3.88 0.66
6. MLS makes it easier to reflect traffic violations problems with other learners. 4.13 0.61
7. MLS makes it easier to reflect traffic violations problems with the instructor. 3.97 0.78
8. MLS is a convenient platform to access reflection contents about traffic violations problems. 3.94 0.67
9. Overall, satisfaction with MLS with regard to traffic violations issues is acceptable. 4.16 0.68
10. MLS has the potential to become a good learning tool with regard to traffic violations issues. 3.78 0.71
11. MLS adds value to e-learning traffic violations issues. 3.84 0.68
12. MLS allows instant access to traffic violations issues regardless of your location. 4.00 0.62
13. MLS is useful as a supplement to traffic violations issues. 3.94 0.72
14. MLS is an effective learning aid or assistant for learners with regard to traffic violations issues. 3.88 0.66
15.
MLS is an effective method for providing personalized information with regard to traffic
violations issues.
4.38 0.71
16.
MLS allows the conversion of idle time into productive time with regard to traffic violations
issues.
3.81 0.59
17.
MLS allows convenient access to reflection contents related to traffic violations problems–
anywhere and anytime.
4.34 0.87
18. Information sent by MLS is more effective. 4.03 0.65
19. MLS allows access to information from the website about traffic violations issues. 3.94 0.50
20. MLS can be used as a supplemental tool for any existing course. 3.75 0.72
21. Information regarding traffic violations issues sent by MLS is more effective. 4.00 0.84
22.
Information regarding traffic violations issues shared via discussing with MLS is more
4.19 0.82
23.
effective.
Using MLS gives users opportunity to join reflection about traffic violations problems without
the limitation of time and space.
4.06 0.84
Total feedback 4.01 0.68
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