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128 Commission 4 – Positioning and Applications In: Bosch, W., H. Drewes (Eds.): Geodetic Reference Frames <strong>IAG</strong> Symposium Proceedings. Springer, subm., 2007. HEISE S., GENDT G., DICK G., SCHMIDT T., WICKERT J., ROTHACHER M.: Integrated water vapour from IGS groundbased GPS observations: A global dataset, EGU General Assembly, EGU2007-A-07335, Vienna, Austria, 2007. HEISE S., DICK G., GENDT G., WICKERT J., LEITERER U., DIER H., VOGEL B.: Comparison of total column water vapour estimates from ground based GPS and sun photometer observations, EGU General Assembly, Vienna Austria, 2006. HEISE S., WICKERT J., BEYERLE G., SCHMIDT T., REIGBER C.: Global monitoring of tropospheric water vapor with GPS radio occultation aboard CHAMP, Adv. Space Research, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.066, 08/2005a. HEISE S., JAKOWSKI N., COOKE D., REIGBER CH.: Ionosphere/Plasmasphere Imaging Based on GPS Navigation Measurements from CHAMP and SAC-C, in Reigber C., Lühr H., Schwintzer P., Wickert J. (Eds.), Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Orbit, Springer- Verlag Berlin, 471-476, 2005b. HEISE S., STOLLE C., SCHLÜTER S., JAKOWSKI N., REIGBER CH.: Differential Code Bias of GPS Receivers in Low Earth Orbit: An Assessment for CHAMP and SAC-C, in Reigber C., Lühr H., Schwintzer P., Wickert J. (Eds.), Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Orbit, Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2005, pp 465-470, 2005c. HELM A., BEYERLE G., REIGBER CH., ROTHACHER M.: Coastal altimetry at the baltic sea off-shore Rügen using L1 carrier phase-delay observations of reflected GPS signals at low elevation angles, in GNSSR'06 workshop on GNSSR reflections, Netherland, ESTEC, 2006a. HELM A., WETZEL U., MICHAJLJOW W., BEYERLE G., REIGBER CH., ROTHACHER M.: Natural hazard monitoring with L1 carrier-phase-delay observations of reflected GPS signals, The 2005 dam failure event of Merzbacher glacier lake, in GNSSR'06 workshop on GNSSR reflections, Netherlands, ESTEC, 2006b. HELM A., BEYERLE G., NITSCHKE M.: Detection of coherent reflections with GPS bipath interferometry, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/ 0407091, subm., 2005. HOQUE M.M., JAKOWSKI N.: Higher Order Effects in Precise GNSS Positioning, Journal of Geodesy, doi: 10.1007/ s00190-006-0106-0, 2006 JAKOWSKI N., WILKEN V., TSYBULYA K., HEISE S.: Search of earthquake signatures from ground and space based GPS measurements, in Flury J., Rummel R., Reigber C., Rothacher M., Boedecker G., Schreiber U. (Eds., 2006) Observation of the Earth System from Space, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, ISBN: 3-540-29520-8, pp 43-53, 2006. JAKOWSKI N., Ionospheric GPS Radio Occultation measurements on board CHAMP, GPS Solutions, 9: 88–95 DOI 10.1007/s10291-005-0137-7, 2005a. JAKOWSKI N., Radio Occultation Techniques for Probing the Ionosphere, Invited Review, Radio Science Bull., No. 314, 4-15, 2005b. JAKOWSKI N., TSYBULYA K., STANKOV S.M., WEHRENPFENNIG A.: About the Potential of GPS Radio Occultation Measurements for Exploring the Ionosphere, in Reigber C., Lühr H., Schwintzer P., Wickert J. (Eds.), Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Orbit, Springer- Verlag Berlin, pp. 441-446, 2005a. JAKOWSKI N., TSYBULYA K., MIELICH J., BELEHAKI A., ALTADILL D., JODOGNE J.C., ZOLESI B.: Validation of GPS Radio Occultation Measurements on CHAMP by Vertical Sounding Observations in Europe, in Reigber C., Lühr H., Schwintzer P., Wickert J. (Eds.), Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Orbit, Springer-Verlag Berlin, pp. 447-452, 2005b. JAKOWSKI N., TSYBULYA K., RADICELLA S.M., CUETO M., HERRAIZ M.: Comparison of Electron Density Data with NeQuick Model, in Reigber Ch., Lühr H., Schwintzer P., Wickert J. (Eds.): Earth Observation with CHAMP. Results from Three Years in Orbit, Springer, Berlin, 483-488, 2005c. JAKOWSKI N., WILKEN V., SCHLÜTER S., STANKOV S.M., HEISE S.: Ionospheric space weather effects monitored by simultaneous ground and space based GNSS signals, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 67, 1074-1084, 2005d. JAKOWSKI N., STANKOV S.M., KLAEHN D.: Operational space weather service for GNSS precise positioning, Annales Geophysicae, 23, 3071-3079, 2005e. JAKOWSKI N., TSYBULYA K.: Comparison of ionospheric radio occultation CHAMP data with IRI 2001, Adv, in Radio Science, 275-279, 2004. JAKOWSKI N., HEISE S., WEHRENPFENNIG A., TSYBULYA K.: Ionospheric Radio Occultation Measurements and Space Weather, in: Kirchengast G., Foelsche U., Steiner A.K. (Eds.), Occultations for probing Atmosphere and Climate, Springer, Berlin, 383-392, 2004a. JAKOWSKI N., LEITINGER R., ANGLING M.: Radio Occultation Techniques for Probing the Ionosphere, Annals of Geophysics, Supplement to Volume 47, N. 2/3, 2004, pp. 1049- 1066, 2004b. JAKOWSKI N., LEITINGER R., CIRAOLO L.: Behaviour of large scale structures of the electron content as a key parameter for range errors in GNSS applications, Annales of Geophysics, Suppl. to Volume 47, N. 2/3, 2004, pp. 1031-1047, 2004c KRÜGEL M., THALLER D., TESMER V., ROTHACHER M., ANGER- MANN D., SCHMID R.: Tropospheric Parameters: Combination studies based on homogeneous VLBI and GPS data, in: Schuh H., Nothnagel A., Ma C. (Eds.): VLBI special issue. Journal of Geodesy, DOI 10.1007/s00190-006-0127- 8, 2006. LUO X., MAYER M., HECK B.: Bestimmung von hochauflösenden Wasserdampffeldern unter Berücksichtigung von GNSS- Doppeldifferenzresiduen (germ.) Universität Karlsruhe, Schriftenreihe des Studiengangs Geodäsie und Geoinformatik, Heft-Nr. 2007/2, 2007. LUO X., MAYER M., HECK B.: Erweiterte Modellbildung zur Erzeugung von hochauslösenden Wasserdampffeldern (germ.), Allgemeine VermessungsNachrichten Heft 5, in print, 2007. MAYER M., SCHMITT C., GONZALEZ F., HECK B., KOTTMEIER C.: Determination of a realistic Precision Measure for Integrated Precipitable Water Vapour Values in the Area of the Antarctic Peninsula, General Assembly EGU, Vienna, Austria, Geophysical Research Abstracts (7) 06124, 2005. MAYER M., BOEHM J., HECK B., SCHUH H.: Comparison of numerical weather models in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula, General Assembly EGU, Vienna, Austria, EGU2006-A-02496, 2006. MAYER M.: Modellbildung für die Auswertung von GPS-Messungen im Bereich der Antarktischen Halbinsel. München (germ.), Bayer. Akademie d. Wissenschaften, Deutsche Geodätische Kommission (DGK), Reihe C, Heft-Nr. 597. 2006. MICHALAK G., WICKERT J., KÖNIG R., ROTHACHER M.: Precise satellite orbit determination for GPS radio occultation in near-real time (NRT), EGU General Assembly, EGU2007- A-08740, Vienna, Austria, 2007.
J. Wickert, N. Jakowski: GNSS Based Sounding of the Atmosphere/Ionosphere 129 MICHALAK G., WICKERT J., KÖNIG R., ROTHACHER M.: Precise orbit determination of COSMIC/Formosat-3 satellites for radio occultations, EGU General Assembly, EGU2007-A- 08402, Vienna, Austria, 2007. REIGBER C., SCHWINTZER P., LÜHR H., WICKERT J. (Eds.): Earth Observation with CHAMP: Results from Three Years in Orbit, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New-York, ISBN 3-540-22804-7, 2005. REIGBER C., GENDT G., WICKERT J.: GPS Atmosphären- Sondierungs-Projekt (GASP), Scientific Technical Report STR04/02, GFZ Potsdam, ISSN 1610-0956, 2004. RUMMEL R.: Advanced space technology – Overview and highlights, National Report of the FRG on the Geodetic Activities in the years 1999-2003, 35-37, Bayer. Akademie d. Wissenschaften, Deutsche Geodätische Kommission (DGK), Reihe B, Heft-Nr. 312, 2003. SCHMIDT T., BEYERLE G., HEISE S., WICKERT J., ROTHACHER M.: A climatology of multiple tropopauses derived from GPS radio occultations with CHAMP and SAC-C, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04808, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024600, 2006. SCHMIDT T., HEISE S., WICKERT J., BEYERLE G., REIGBER CH.: GPS radio occultation with CHAMP and SAC-C: global monitoring of thermal tropopause parameters, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 5, 1473–1488, 2005. SCHMIDT T., WICKERT J., BEYERLE G., REIGBER CH.: Tropical Tropopause Parameters derived from GPS radio occultation measurements with CHAMP, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D13105, doi:10.1029/2004JD004566, 2004. SCHÖN S., BRUNNER F.K: Power-law behaviour of GPS phase observations reflecting atmospheric turbulence. Geophysical Research Abstracts, EGU06-A-05509, 2006. SCHÜLER T.: GNSS Meteorology on Moving Platforms, Inside GNSS – Engineering Solutions for the Global Navigation Satellite System Community, Gibbons Media & Research pp. 20-23, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2006. SCHÜLER T., KRUEGER E.: Atlas of GPS-Based Water Vapour Estimation in The Baltic Sea, Results of the experiments on board Research Vessel “Alkor”, and Oil Recovery Vessel “Bottsand”, Report, 139 pages, http://forschung.unibw.de/ ainfo.php?&id=5764; Project BALTIMOS, Institute of Geodesy and Navigation, University FAF Munich, Germany, 2004. STANKOV S.M., JAKOWSKI N.: Topside ionospheric scale height analysis and modeling based on radio occultation measurements, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 68, 134-162, 2006a. STANKOV S.M., JAKOWSKI N.: Topside plasma scale height retrieved from radio occultation measurements, Adv. Space Res. 37, 958-962, 2006b. STANKOV S.M., JAKOWSKI N., TSYBULYA K., WILKEN V.: Monitoring the generation and propagation of ionospheric disturbances and effects on GNSS positioning, Radio Science, 41, RS6S09, doi:10.1029/2005RS003327, 2006. STANKOV S.M., JAKOWSKI N.: Topside Plasma Scale Height Modelling based on CHAMP Measurements: First Results, in C. Reigber, H. Lühr, P. Schwintzer, and J. Wickert (Eds.), Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Orbit, Springer-Verlag Berlin, pp. 459-470, 2005. STEIGENBERGER P., TESMER V., KRÜGEL M., THALLER D., SCHMID R., VEY S., ROTHACHER M.: Comparisons of homogeneously reprocessed GPS and VLBI long time series of troposphere zenith delays and gradients. In: Schuh H., Nothnagel A., Ma C. (Eds.): VLBI special issue. Journal of Geodesy, DOI 10.1007/s00190-006-1024-y, 2006. STOLLE C., SCHLÜTER S., HEISE S., JACOBI CH., JAKOWSKI N., FRIEDEL S., KÜRSCHNER D., LÜHR H.: GPS ionospheric imaging of the north polar ionosphere on 30 October 2003, Adv. Space Res., 36, 2201-2206, 2005. STOLLE C., JAKOWSKI N., SCHLEGEL K., RIETVELD M.: Comparison of high latitude electron density profiles obtained with the GPS radio occultation technique and EISCAT measurements, Ann. Geophys. 22, 2015-2022, 2004. TESMER V., BOEHM J., HEINKELMANN R., SCHUH H.: Effect of different tropospheric mapping functions on the TRF, CRF and position time series estimated from VLBI. In: Schuh H., Nothnagel A., Ma C. (Eds.): VLBI special issue. Journal of Geodesy, DOI 10.1007/s00190-006-0126-9, 2006. VEY S. DIETRICH R., FRITSCHE M., RÜLKE A., ROTHACHER M., STEIGENBERGER P.: Influence of mapping function parameters on global GPS network analyses: Comparisons between NMF and IMF, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01814, doi:10.1029/2005GL024361, 2006. VIEHWEG C., WICKERT J., HEISE S., JACOBI C., BEYERLE G., SCHMIDT T., ROTHACHER M.: Global distribution of plasma irregularities in the lower ionosphere derived from GPS radio occultation data, EGU General Assembly, EGU2007- A-07823, Vienna, Austria, 2007. WICKERT J., BEYERLE G., CHENG F.Z., HEALY S., HEISE S., MICHALAK G., ROCKEN C., ROTHACHER M., SCHMIDT T., VIEHWEG C., TAPLEY B.: Global atmospheric sounding using GPS radio occultation: Recent results from CHAMP, GRACE and COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3, EGU General Assembly, EGU2007-A-08562, Vienna, Austria, 2007. WICKERT J., SCHMIDT T., BEYERLE G., HEISE S., REIGBER C.: Global Atmospheric Sounding with GPS Radio Occultation with CHAMP, in: Flury J., Rummel R., Reigber C., Rothacher M., Boedecker G., Schreiber U. (Eds.), Observation of the Earth System from Space, Springer, 389-412, 2006a. WICKERT J., SCHMIDT T., BEYERLE G., MICHALAK G., KÖNIG R., HEISE S., REIGBER CH.: GPS radio occultation with CHAMP and GRACE: Recent results", in “Atmosphere and Climate: Studies by Occultation Methods”, Foelsche U., Kirchengast G., Steiner A. (Eds.), ISBN-10 3-540-34116-1, Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 3-16, 2006b. WICKERT J., GENDT G.: Fernerkundung der Erdatmosphäre mit GPS (germ.), PROMET, 32, Nr. 3/4, 176-184, 2006. WICKERT J., BEYERLE G., KÖNIG R., HEISE S., GRUNWALDT L., MICHALAK G., REIGBER CH., SCHMIDT T.: GPS radio occultation with CHAMP and GRACE: A first look at a new and promising satellite configuration for global atmospheric sounding. – Annales Geophysicae, 23, 3, 653-658., 2005. WICKERT J., SCHMIDT T.: Fernerkundung der mittleren Atmosphäre mit GPS-Radiookkultation (germ.), PROMET, 31, 1, 50-52, 2005. WICKERT J.: Comparison of vertical temperature profiles from CHAMP with radiosonde measurements, GFZ Scientific Technical Report 04/19, ISSN 1610-0956, also published as Scientific Report DMI Copenhagen 04-9, ISBN 87-7478- 511-7, 2004. WICKERT J., SCHMIDT T., BEYERLE G., KÖNIG R., REIGBER CH., JAKOWSKI N.: The radio occultation experiment aboard CHAMP: Operational data analysis and validation of vertical atmospheric profiles, J. Met. Soc. Japan, 82(1B), 381-395, 2004a. WICKERT J., PAVELYEV A.G., LIOU Y.A., SCHMIDT T., REIGBER CH., IGARASHI K., PAVELYEV A.A., MATYUGOV S.: Amplitude variations in GPS signals as a possible indicator of ionospheric structures, Geophys. Res. Lett.,31, L24801, doi:10.1029/2004GL020607, 2004b. WICKERT J., GALAS R., SCHMIDT T., BEYERLE G., REIGBER CH., FÖRSTE CH., RAMATSCHI M.: Atmospheric sounding with CHAMP: GPS ground station data for occultation processing, Phys. Chem. Earth,Vol 29/2-3, 267-275, DOI 10.1016/ j.pce.2004.01.015, 2004c.
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DEUTSCHE GEODÄTISCHE KOMMISSION be
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Adresse des Herausgebers / Address
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Contents Commission 1 - Reference F
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COMMISSION 1 REFERENCE FRAMES 7
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10 Commission 1 - Reference Frames
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14 Introduction Celestial Reference
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24 Introduction The contributions o
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28 Satellite altimetry provides a p
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COMMISSION 2 GRAVITY FIELD 33
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36 Commission 2 - Gravity Field res
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38 Commission 2 - Gravity Field aut
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40 Commission 2 - Gravity Field in
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42 Commission 2 - Gravity Field sho
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44 Commission 2 - Gravity Field KRE
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46 Commission 2 - Gravity Field Dev
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48 Commission 2 - Gravity Field ILK
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50 Introduction In the reporting pe
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52 Commission 2 - Gravity Field of
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54 Commission 2 - Gravity Field GRU
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56 Commission 2 - Gravity Field LEM
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58 1. Modelling Techniques Fundamen
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60 Commission 2 - Gravity Field BUN
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62 Commission 2 - Gravity Field Geo
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64 Commission 2 - Gravity Field SCH
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66 Commission 2 - Gravity Field gra
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68 Commission 2 - Gravity Field LOM
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70 Introduction The four years sinc
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72 Commission 2 - Gravity Field met
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74 Commission 2 - Gravity Field SCH
Page 79 and 80: Introduction The determination of E
Page 81 and 82: Introduction German investigations
Page 83 and 84: In Europe, there are detailed inves
Page 85 and 86: SASGEN, I., MULVANEY R., KLEMANN V.
Page 87 and 88: enabling us to map the behaviour of
Page 89 and 90: NAUJOKS M, JAHR T., JENTZSCH G.,. K
Page 91 and 92: nental hydrosphere. Thus, interpret
Page 93 and 94: M. Thomas, M. Soffel, H. Drewes: Ea
Page 95 and 96: M. Thomas, M. Soffel, H. Drewes: Ea
Page 97 and 98: observed that the resulting masscha
Page 99 and 100: Since 2001, the IERS Central Bureau
Page 101 and 102: COMMISSION 4 POSITIONING AND APPLIC
Page 103 and 104: The main highlights in the past fou
Page 105 and 106: VLBI Space Geodetic Techniques (VLB
Page 107 and 108: A. Nothnagel: Space Geodetic Techni
Page 109 and 110: A. Nothnagel: Space Geodetic Techni
Page 111 and 112: also be able to track the broadband
Page 113 and 114: CHEN X., DEKING A., LANDAU H., STOL
Page 115 and 116: SEEBER G.: Beitrag für „Directio
Page 117 and 118: 2003, WÜBBENA et al. 2006a) or in
Page 119 and 120: Permanent GNSS Networks, including
Page 121 and 122: G. Weber, M. Becker, J. Ihde: Perma
Page 123 and 124: G. Weber, M. Becker, J. Ihde: Perma
Page 125 and 126: General remarks The continuous and
Page 127 and 128: Introduction GNSS Based Sounding of
Page 129: J. Wickert, N. Jakowski: GNSS Based
Page 133 and 134: References ADAM N.: TerraFirma Qual
Page 135 and 136: Introduction The period 2003 - 2007
Page 137 and 138: procedures and surveying instrument
Page 139 and 140: Motivation During the last years, n
Page 141 and 142: AVILA-RODRIGUEZ J.-A., PANY T., EIS
Page 143 and 144: SEIFERT A., KLEUSBERG A. (2003): An
Page 145 and 146: IAG PROJECTS 143
Page 147 and 148: The Global Geodetic Observing Syste
Page 149 and 150: KRÜGEL M., TESMER V., ANGERMANN D.
Page 151 and 152: Inter-commission Committees (ICC) A
Page 153 and 154: After the restructuring of the IAG
Page 155 and 156: Introduction Physical Aspects of Ge
Page 157 and 158: H. Drewes, M. Soffel: Physical Aspe
Page 159 and 160: W. Keller, W. Freeden: Mathematical
Page 161 and 162: W. Keller, W. Freeden: Mathematical
Page 163 and 164: H. Kutterer, W.-D. Schuh: Quality M
Page 169 and 170: B. ICC on Planetary Geodesy (ICCPG)
Page 171 and 172: Introduction Various space missions
Page 173 and 174: Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und
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