NATIONAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ... - IAG Office

134 Commission 4 – Positioning and Applications
The stability of temperature fields in laboratories is important
for the quality of the measurements carried out. In
ESCHELBACH (2007) some investigations are published.
Analysis Methods and Quality Assessment
To model the behaviour of a bridge in MIIMA and NIEMEIER
(2004), concepts of Fuzzy-Process-Modelling and Artificial
Neural Networks are successfully applied. The derived
model of behaviour concerning the structure has been
proved to serve for a prognosis for a limited time span.
The implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy-Techniques for
modelling the deformations of a lock is pointed out by
BOEHM and KUTTERER (2006).
The automated shape recognition of laser scanned deformable
objects is presented in HESSE and KUTTERER (2006).
ELING (2006) has developed an approach to setup a complete
deformation analysis using laserscanning data.
An introduction in the theory of the uncertainty of measurement
is given by HEISTER (2005). The use of an intervalbased
description of measurement uncertainties due to
remaining systematic effects is the topic of SCHÖN and
KUTTERER (2006). In NEUMANN and KUTTERER (2007)
congruence tests and outlier detection are extended with
respect to observation imprecision.
On-Site Recording in Architecture and
Cultural Heritage
Research and development were focused on new hardware
and software, of which the primary use are on-site recording
in achitecture and in cultural heritage. Progress has been
made as far as the integration of cameras into reflectorlessmeasuring
motorized total stations is concerned. New
measuring-methods have been developed and improvements
have been made in the field of monument-documentation
and the establishment of sustainable networks in
monuments and sites for architectural research and for
deformation measurements SCHERER (2004).
The new recording method of phototacheometry has been
developed by SCHERER (2006). It combines elements of
both tacheometry and photogrammetry: General qualities
of geometric primitives are simply defined by tacheometric
means, while precise object-describing-points are defined
via the intersection of image rays with the tacheometrically
pre-defined geometry. An excellent degree of automation,
control as well as general work economy are achieved
resulting in visualisation and animation of the photorealistic
and geometrically correct model in the field.
Modern digital surveying and documentation methods
should be adapted for an optimal use in the field of building
conservation. An overview about the specific demands on
building documentation and an optimized documentation
strategy is given by WEFERLING (2005). Deformation
measurements at historical buildings determines STERN-
BERG (2006) with terrestrial laserscanners.
Monitoring of Constructions
The automatic determination of deformations of bridges
in real time poses challenges in the measuring techniques
and in the analysis methods. In SCHWARZ (2003) first
results of investigations were pointed out to determine
vertical deformation during loading experimentals using
methods of digital close range photogrammetry. In slowdeveloping
processes the vertical deformation will be
detected with hydrostatically measurement systems.
SCHWARZ (2004) introduces a new method in detecting the
water surface without any contact by the signal propagation
delay of ultrasonic signals.
With the detection of simulated vibrations the actual state
of bridges can be evaluated. Using laserinterferometer it
is possible to measure the vertical deformation of bridges
with high accuracy (SCHWARZ 2006).
The continuous application of an automated total station
with target recognition for long-term monitoring of a bridge
is presented in HEINERT and NIEMEIER (2007), emphasising
aspects of an unstable instrument support and the detection
and elimination of systematic effects in the time series.
Faseroptical sensors are adapted to determine the deformation
of buildings. In SCHWARZ (2006) the concept of a
faseroptical deflectometer for surveying boreholes is
introduced. FOPPE et al. (2006) present an autonomous
permanent automatic monitoring system with Robot-
Tacheometers. The determination of local deformations of
highway bridges is the topic of the publication of SCHÄFER
(2006). KUHLMANN (2003) carried out studies to
temperature induced deformation of a jointless bridge.
Guidance of Construction Machines
The guidance of construction machines implies great
demands on the measuring technique and the ruling algorithms.
Due to the individuality of construction sites a
toolbox with individual modules is developed, that enables
to dispose individual automation systems in a simple way
by using its “contained expert knowledge”. The modular
system is developed with a tachymeter as sensor and a
model truck (scale 1 : 14). On the basis of this simulator
investigations regarding control and filter algorithms were
carried out by GLÄSER (2005), SCHWIEGER and BEETZ
(2007).
The control of the orientation of the traverses in tunnel
projects is an urgent task. Up to now gyroscopes are used.
In NEUHIERL et al. (2006) a new method is presented using
an inertial system for the transfer of the directions.
SU et al. (2006) pointed out research of applications for
mobile radio Indoor-GPS.
Integration of Measurement Systems into
Construction Processes
Methods to automatically integrate measurement systems
into construction processes in automatic or semi-automatic
way are investigated by MÖHLENBRING and SCHWIEGER
(2006). A special focus is directed on the quality assurance
and quality safeguarding by optimal use of measurement