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44 Commission 2 – Gravity Field KREYE C., ZIMMERMANN B., HEIN G.W.: Evaluation of Airborne Vector Gravimetry Integrating GNSS and Strapdown INS Observations; presentation given at the IAG International Symposium Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions, GGSM 2004, Porto, Portugal KREYE C., ZIMMERMANN B., HEIN G.W.: Evaluation of Airborne Vector Gravimetry Using GNSS and SDINS Observations; in: Rummel R., Reigber Ch., Rothacher M., Boedecker G., Schreiber U., Flury J.: Observation of the Earth System from Space; Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, New York, 2006; ISBN-10: 3540295208; ISBN-13: 978-3540295204 MAKHLOOF A.: The Use of Topographic-Isostatic Mass Information in Geodetic Applications, Dissertation, Astronomische, Physikalische und Mathematische Geodäsie, Universität Bonn, 2007 MAKHLOOF A., ILK K.H.: Far-zone Topography Effects on Gravity and Geoid Heights According to Helmert's Methods of Condensation and Based on Airy-Heiskanen Model, Proceedings The 3rd Minia International Conference for Advanced Trends in Engineering (MICATE 2005), El- Minia, April 3-5 2005 MAKHLOOF A., ILK K.H.: Far-zone effects for different topographic-compensation models based on a spherical harmonic expansion of the topography, accepted for publication in Journal of Geodesy (2007) Springer-Verlag, 2007a MAKHLOOF A., ILK K.H.: Effects of topographic-isostatic masses on gravitational functionals at the surface of the Earth, at airborne and satellite altitudes, accepted for publication in Journal of Geodesy (2007) Springer-Verlag, 2007b MAKHLOOF A., MÜLLER F., ILK K.H.: A comparison of different methods for determining the topographic-condensation mass effects at airborne altitude, accepted for publication in Proceedings Symposium of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS2006), Istanbul, Turkey 2006 MEYER U., STEINHAGE D., SCHEINERT M., BOEDECKER G., LAUTERJUNG J.: Geoscientific Applications of High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) in Antarctica. Poster presentation at Joint Assembly of IAG, IAPSO and IABO Dynamic Planet 2005, Cairns, August 22-26, 2005. MEYER U., HEYDE I., 2004: Entwicklung und Anwendung von aerogravimetrischen Messsystemen. – Vortrag: DGG-Kolloquium Aerogeophysik, März 2004, Berlin. MÜLLER F., MAYER-GÜRR T. Comparison of Downward Continuation Methods of Airborne Gravimetry Data, in: F. Sansò (ed.) A Window on the Future of Geodesy, IUGG General Assembly 2003, Sapporo, Japan, International Association of Geodesy Symposia, Vol. 128, pp. 254-258, Springer-Verlag, 2003 MÜLLER J., DIETRICH R., SCHEINERT M., WIEHL M.: About the Role of Subglacial Topography on Geoid Determination fromAirborne Gravimetry in Antarctica. IAG International Symposium "Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions", Porto, Portugal, 30.08.-03.09.2004. NIXDORF U., MÜLLER J., RIEDEL S., SCHEINERT M., STEINHAGE D., WIEHL M., JOKAT W., DIETRICH R., MILLER H.: Airborne gravity measurements in Dronning Maud Land for the validation, densification and interpretation of new satellite data. XXVIII SCAR Meeting and Open Science Conference, Bremen, 25.07.-31.07.2004. NOVAK P., KERN M., SCHWARZ K-P., HECK B.: Evaluation of Band-limited Topographical Effects in Airborne Gravimetry. Journal of Geodesy, 76 (2003), 597-604 NOVAK P., KERN M., SCHWARZ K-P., SIDERIS M.G., HECK, B., FERGUSON S., HAMMADA Y., WEI M.: On Geoid Determination from Airborne Gravity. Journal of Geodesy, 76 (2003), 510-522 SCHÄNZER G: A high precision Inertial Navigation System applied for Airborne Gravimetry. Symposium Gyro Technology 2003. Stuttgart SCHEINERT M: The Antarctic Geoid Project: Status Report and Next Activities. In: Jekeli, C., Bastos, L., Fernandes, J. (Eds.), IAG Symposia Vol. 129, Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions (GGSM 2004), pp. 137-142, Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2005. STELKENS T. H.: Elektronisches Interview in geosience online (www.g-o.de), Springer Verlag und MMCD GmbH – interactive in science (electronic publication) 2003 STELKENS T. H.: A Contribution to the Levelling of Inertial Navigation Platforms. Vortrag und extended abstract. Symposium Gyro Technology. Stuttgart 2003 STELKENS-KOBSCH T. H.: A High-Precision Inertial Navigation System for Airborne Gravimetry upgraded by an additional Strapdown Frame. Joint CHAMP/GRACE Science Meeting, Potsdam 2004 STELKENS-KOBSCH T. H.: Das Fluggravimeter Chekan-A am Institut für Flugführung der TU Braunschweig. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2004, Dresden STELKENS-KOBSCH T. H.: The Airborne Gravimeter Chekan-A at the Institute of Flight Guidance (IFF). International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions (GGSM 2004), Porto 2004 STELKENS-KOBSCH T. H.: Publication no. GEOTECH-172 of the programme GEOTECHNOLOGIEN of BMBF and DFG, Grant MGS/F0340B, Beitrag zum Springer-Buch „Observation of the Earth System from Space“ (Geotechnologien), Springer Verlag 2006 STÜRZE A., BOEDECKER G.: High Precision Kinematic GNSS Observations Up to 50 S/s for Airborne Gravimetry. ION GNSS 2004, Long Beach, 21.-24.9.2004 CD-Proceedings
Introduction Since the launch of the German CHAMP (Challenging Mini-Satellite Payload for Geophysical Research and Application) satellite mission in July 2000 and the American-German Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) in March 2002 the knowledge of the Earth gravity field has been revolutionized. Today, the static gravity field can be determined with unprecedented accuracy and, for the first time, temporal variations at longer wavelengths up to degree and order 35 to 40 can be monitored allowing the quantification of mass distribution and mass variations in the system Earth. As a result of the 5-years GRACE operation, important information about the continental hydrological cycle, the ice mass balance in Greenland and Antarctica, the steric and mass-related contribution to sea level rise or the inter-annual ocean mass variation could already be obtained. While CHAMP results are based on high-low and for GRACE additionally on low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking data, only the long-to-medium wavelengths roughly up to degree and order 50 and 100, respectively, can be observed with sufficient accuracy. The European gradiometric mission GOCE (Gravity and Ocean Circulation Explorer), due for launch end of 2007, will provide precise information about the medium to short-wavelengths parts of the gravity field up to a spherical harmonic degree of 200-250. Consequently, a combination of GRACE and GOCE will provide a homogeneous multi purpose satelliteonly gravity field model of unprecedented quality. Detailed information on global gravity field and geoid modelling as well as on temporal gravity field variations can be found in dedicated chapters in the Commission 2 report. There, also a more detailed list of CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE related papers is given. In Germany, the GEOTECHNOLOGIEN research program of the federal government and a Special Priority Program “Mass Transport and Mass Distribution in the Earth System” funded by the German Research Foundation DFG has enabled and will bring considerable progress in research related to CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. Gravity Field Satellite Missions F. FLECHTNER 1 , T. GRUBER 2 Status of gravity field missions 1 Frank Flechtner: GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), c/o DLR, D - 82234 Wessling, Germany, Tel. +49 - 8153 - 28-1735, Fax +49 - 8153 -288-1297, e-mail flechtne@gfz-potsdam.de 2 Thomas Gruber: Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie, Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße 21, D - 82290 München, Germany, Tel. +49 - 89 - 289-23192, Fax +49 - 89 - 289-23178, e-mail thomas.gruber@bv.tu-muenchen.de 45 In July 2007 CHAMP is in orbit for exactly 7 years. Thanks to two orbital raise manoeuvres in 2002 and one in 2006 the current satellite altitude is still about 370 km. All instruments, except the Digital Ion Driftmeter DIDM, are producing high quality data for gravity and magnetic field analysis and atmospheric and ionospheric research. The orbital decay due to solar activity predicts a remaining life time at least up to end of 2008. GRACE has celebrated its fifth birthday in March 2007. The predicted lifetime calculated from gas consumption, thruster activations and solar activity is at least 2011. All instruments are producing nominal gravity and occultation data. The latter are already operationally assimilated at UK Metoffice since September 2006. To mitigate the risk of loss of thermal control over the K-Band horn (and subsequent generation of spurious K-Band range signal) due to atomic oxygen exposure the GRACE satellites have been successfully switched in December 2005. The GOCE mission is scheduled for launch in December 2007. Due to the extraordinary complexity of the satellite and instrument systems the launch has been delayed by approximately 1,5 years (originally it was scheduled for August 2006). As of today all instruments have been finalized and most of them have been integrated on the platform. After the final integration will be completed the remaining satellite platform and instrument tests will be performed, before it will be shipped to Plesetzk/Russia for launch. The most recent information about the status of the missions CHAMP and GRACE and about the progress of preparations of GOCE can be found on the Web sites of GFZ Potsdam (for CHAMP and GRACE), of the University of Texas at Austin (for GRACE), and of the European Space Agency Living Planet Programme (for GOCE). Results from CHAMP’s first five years in orbit were given in REIGBER et al. (2005). TAPLEY et al. (2007) presented specific details on the GRACE mission status. The design and operation of the Integrated System and Data Center ISDC which is the European archive for CHAMP and GRACE data products was treated in RITSCHEL et al. (2006). The multi-mission raw data center for CHAMP and GRACE was described in MISSLING et al. (2005).
Page 1: DEUTSCHE GEODÄTISCHE KOMMISSION be
Page 4 and 5: Adresse des Herausgebers / Address
Page 7 and 8: Contents Commission 1 - Reference F
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Page 16 and 17: 14 Introduction Celestial Reference
Page 26 and 27: 24 Introduction The contributions o
Page 30 and 31: 28 Satellite altimetry provides a p
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Page 52 and 53: 50 Introduction In the reporting pe
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Page 72 and 73: 70 Introduction The four years sinc
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Page 79 and 80: Introduction The determination of E
Page 81 and 82: Introduction German investigations
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Page 87 and 88: enabling us to map the behaviour of
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Page 91 and 92: nental hydrosphere. Thus, interpret
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observed that the resulting masscha
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Since 2001, the IERS Central Bureau
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COMMISSION 4 POSITIONING AND APPLIC
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The main highlights in the past fou
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VLBI Space Geodetic Techniques (VLB
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A. Nothnagel: Space Geodetic Techni
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A. Nothnagel: Space Geodetic Techni
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also be able to track the broadband
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CHEN X., DEKING A., LANDAU H., STOL
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SEEBER G.: Beitrag für „Directio
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2003, WÜBBENA et al. 2006a) or in
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Permanent GNSS Networks, including
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G. Weber, M. Becker, J. Ihde: Perma
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G. Weber, M. Becker, J. Ihde: Perma
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General remarks The continuous and
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Introduction GNSS Based Sounding of
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J. Wickert, N. Jakowski: GNSS Based
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J. Wickert, N. Jakowski: GNSS Based
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References ADAM N.: TerraFirma Qual
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Introduction The period 2003 - 2007
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procedures and surveying instrument
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Motivation During the last years, n
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AVILA-RODRIGUEZ J.-A., PANY T., EIS
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SEIFERT A., KLEUSBERG A. (2003): An
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IAG PROJECTS 143
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The Global Geodetic Observing Syste
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KRÜGEL M., TESMER V., ANGERMANN D.
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Inter-commission Committees (ICC) A
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After the restructuring of the IAG
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Introduction Physical Aspects of Ge
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H. Drewes, M. Soffel: Physical Aspe
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W. Keller, W. Freeden: Mathematical
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W. Keller, W. Freeden: Mathematical
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H. Kutterer, W.-D. Schuh: Quality M
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B. ICC on Planetary Geodesy (ICCPG)
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Introduction Various space missions
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Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und
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