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The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) has been established by the International Association of Geodesy (<strong>IAG</strong>) as an <strong>IAG</strong> Project in July 2003 at the IUGG General Assembly in Sapporo, Japan. In April 2004 the <strong>IAG</strong>, represented by GGOS, has become a participating organization of the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) and in May 2006 GGOS was accepted as a member of the Integrated Global Observation Strategy Partnership (IGOS-P). GGOS is thus the geodetic component of the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) that integrates all the major observing systems, i.e., the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS), and GGOS. After the first years devoted to the definition of the internal organizational structure of GGOS and its relationship with external organizations, it is planned to transform the GGOS Project into a permanent element of the <strong>IAG</strong> structure at the same level as the <strong>IAG</strong> Services and <strong>IAG</strong> Commissions at the IUGG General Assembly 2007 in Perugia. GGOS is the contribution of geodesy to a global Earth monitoring system. In particular, it provides the metrological basis and the reference systems and frames, which are crucial nowadays for all Earth observing systems. GGOS is built on the <strong>IAG</strong> Services (IGS, IVS, ILRS, IDS, IERS, IGFS, …) and the products they derive on an operational basis for Earth monitoring making use of a large variety of space- and ground-based geodetic techniques such as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Satellite and Lunar Laser Ranging (SLR/LLR), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), altimetry, InSAR and gravity satellite missions, gravimetry, etc. All these observation techniques are considered integral parts of GGOS, allowing the monitoring of the Earth's shape and deformation (including water and ice surfaces), the Earth's orientation and rotation and the Earth's gravity field and its temporal variations with an unprecedented accuracy. These quantities are direct evidence of many global processes that have a crucial impact on human society such as earthquakes, volcanism, floods, sea level change, climate change, ground water redistribution, mass balance of the polar ice sheets, etc. At present, the document "The Global Geodetic Observing System: Meeting the Requirements of a Global Society on GGOS: the <strong>IAG</strong> Project M. ROTHACHER 1 1 Markus Rothacher: GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Department 1: Geodesy & Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany, Tel: +49-331-2881100, Fax +49-331-2881111, e-mail rothacher@gfz-potsdam.de 145 a Changing Planet in 2020" is written. It will contain the specifications for GGOS in terms of concepts, conventions, infrastructure and services. This document provides the basis for the further development of GGOS over the next decade and more. German Activities in the Framework of GGOS Germany is participating in the activities of GGOS in several ways: 1. Memberships in GGOS (Steering Committee, Science Panel, Working Groups, ...); 2. Satellite missions; 3. National Projects. 1. GGOS Memberships Germany is very active in the GGOS organization as can be seen from the following memberships in GGOS: Chair of GGOS MARKUS ROTHACHER (GFZ) Steering Committee Members Science Panel Member Working Group Chairs 2. Satellite Missions JOHN DOW (ESOC), HERMANN DREWES (DGFI), CORINNA KRONER (University of Jena), BERND RICHTER (BKG), WOLFGANG SCHLÜTER (BKG), TILO SCHÖNE (GFZ) REINER RUMMEL (TU Munich) HERMANN DREWES (DGFI), BERND RICHTER (BKG) Satellites play an important role in Earth observation, since they allow a homogeneous coverage of the Earth. Germany is leading or heavily involved in the following satellite missions that are of importance to GGOS (launch year in brackets, all financed): – CHAMP (2000): Gravity field, magnetic field and atmospheric sounding mission (GFZ, DLR, NASA); – GRACE (2002): Gravity field mission with inter-satellite link (NASA, GFZ, DLR); – GOCE (2007): Gravity gradiometry mission for a high-resolution static gravity field (ESA); – TerraSAR-X (2007): SAR interferometry mission (DLR, Astrium, GFZ);
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DEUTSCHE GEODÄTISCHE KOMMISSION be
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Adresse des Herausgebers / Address
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Contents Commission 1 - Reference F
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COMMISSION 1 REFERENCE FRAMES 7
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10 Commission 1 - Reference Frames
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14 Introduction Celestial Reference
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20 Commission 1 - Reference Frames
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22 Commission 1 - Reference Frames
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24 Introduction The contributions o
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26 Commission 1 - Reference Frames
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28 Satellite altimetry provides a p
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30 Commission 1 - Reference Frames
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COMMISSION 2 GRAVITY FIELD 33
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36 Commission 2 - Gravity Field res
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40 Commission 2 - Gravity Field in
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42 Commission 2 - Gravity Field sho
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44 Commission 2 - Gravity Field KRE
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46 Commission 2 - Gravity Field Dev
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48 Commission 2 - Gravity Field ILK
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50 Introduction In the reporting pe
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52 Commission 2 - Gravity Field of
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54 Commission 2 - Gravity Field GRU
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56 Commission 2 - Gravity Field LEM
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58 1. Modelling Techniques Fundamen
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60 Commission 2 - Gravity Field BUN
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62 Commission 2 - Gravity Field Geo
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64 Commission 2 - Gravity Field SCH
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66 Commission 2 - Gravity Field gra
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68 Commission 2 - Gravity Field LOM
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70 Introduction The four years sinc
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72 Commission 2 - Gravity Field met
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74 Commission 2 - Gravity Field SCH
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Introduction The determination of E
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Introduction German investigations
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In Europe, there are detailed inves
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SASGEN, I., MULVANEY R., KLEMANN V.
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enabling us to map the behaviour of
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NAUJOKS M, JAHR T., JENTZSCH G.,. K
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nental hydrosphere. Thus, interpret
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M. Thomas, M. Soffel, H. Drewes: Ea
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- Page 103 and 104: The main highlights in the past fou
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- Page 125 and 126: General remarks The continuous and
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- Page 135 and 136: Introduction The period 2003 - 2007
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