NATIONAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ... - IAG Office

More documents

Recommendations

Info

40 Commission 2 – Gravity Field in Walferdange (Luxembourg) of November 2003. In: Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions. C. Jekeli, L. Bastos, J. Fernandes (eds.), IAG Symposia 129, P. 272 - 275, Springer, 2005 GERSTENECKER C., DOGAN U., ERGINTAV S.: Analysis of Gravity Changes and Deformations, observed between 2003 and 2005 along the Western Part of the North Anatolian Fault. Paper presented at the 6th Turkish - German Joint Geodetic Days, on CD, Berlin 2006 GITLEIN O., TIMMEN L.: Atmospheric Mass Flow Reduction for Terrestrial Absolute Gravimetry in the Fennoscandian Land Uplift Network. In: P. Tregoning, C. Rizos (Eds.): Dynamic Planet – Monitoring and Understanding a Dynamic Planet with Geodetic and Oceanographic Tools, IAG Symp., Cairns, 22.-26. Aug. 2005; IAG Symp., Vol. 130, 461-466, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006 JENTZSCH G., WEISE A., REY C., GERSTENECKER C.: Gravity changes and internal processes: some results obtained from observations at three volcanoes, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 161, 1415-1431, 2004 TIAMPO K., FERNANDEZ J., JENTZSCH G., CHARCO M., TIEDE C., GERSTENECKER C., CAMACHO A., RUNDLE J.: Elastic – gravitational modeling of geodetic data in active volcanic areas, Recent Research Development in Geophysics, 6, 37-58, 2004 TIEDE C, TIAMPO K., FERNANDEZ J., GERSTENECKER C.: Initial inversion results for elastic-gravitational modeling via genetic algorithms at Merapi volcano, Indonesia, submitted to Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. TIEDE C., CAMACHO A., GERSTENECKER C., FERNANDEZ J., SUYANTO I.: Modelling the Density at Merapi Volcano Area, Indonesia, via the inverse gravimetric problem, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3), 6(9), 1-13, 2005a TIEDE C., TIAMPO K., FERNANDEZ J., GERSTENECKER C.: Deeper understanding of non-linear geodetic data inversion using quantitative sensitivity analysis, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 12, 373-379, 2005b TIMMEN L.: Precise definition of the effective measurement height of free-fall absolute gravimeters. Metrologia 40, 62-65, 2003 TIMMEN L., FLURY J., PETERS T., GITLEIN O.: A new absolute gravity base in the German Alps. In: Hvoždara M. and Kohúh I. (Eds.): Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy, Vol.36, 2nd Workshop on International Gravity Field Research (special issue), 7-20, 2006a TIMMEN L., GITLEIN O.: The capacity of the Scintrex Autograv CG- 3M no. 4492 gravimeter for “absolute-scale” surveys. In: de Menezes P. M. L. (Ed.): Revista Brasileira de Cartografia (Brazilian Journal of Cartography) No. 56/02, 89-95 (invited paper), 2004 TIMMEN L., GITLEIN O., MÜLLER J., DENKER H., MÄKINEN J., BILKER M., PETTERSEN B.R., LYSAKER D.I., OMANG O.C.D., SVENDSEN J.G.G., WILMES H., FALK R., REINHOLD A., HOPPE W., SCHERNECK H.-G., ENGEN B., HARSSON B.G., ENGFELDT A., LILJE M., STRYKOWSKI G., FORSBERG R.: Observing Fennoscandian Gravity Change by Absolute Gravimetry. In: F. Sansò, A.J. Gil (Eds.): “Geodetic Deformation Monitoring: From Geophysical to Engineering Roles”, IAG Symp., Vol. 131, 193- 199, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006b MÜLLER J., TIMMEN L., DENKER H.: Absolute Gravimetry in the Fennoscandian Land Uplift Area: Monitoring of Temporal Gravity Changes for GRACE. Status Seminar “Observation of the System Earth from Space”, Geotechnologien Science Report, No. 3, P. 112-115, 2003 MÜLLER J., TIMMEN L., GITLEIN O., DENKER H.: Gravity Changes in the Fennoscandian Land Uplift Area to be Observed by GRACE and Absolute Gravimetry. In: Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions. C.Jekeli, L.Bastos, J.Fernandes (eds.), IAG Symposia 129, P. 304-309, Springer, 2005 PETTERSEN B., OMANG O., SVENDSEN J., MÜLLER J., TIMMEN L., DENKER H., GITLEIN O., MÄKINEN J., BILKER M., WILMES H., FALK R., REINHOLD A., HOPPE W., SCHERNECK H.-G., ENGEN B., ENGFELDT A. STRYKOWSKI G.: Observing temporal gravity change in Fennoscandia. Proceedings of the GGSM Meeting, Porto 2004, CD-ROM, 2005 WILMES H., RICHTER B., FALK R.: Absolute gravity measurements: a system by itself. 3rd meeting of the International Gravity and Geoid Commission (IGGC). Tziavos (ed.), Gravity and Geoid 2002 - GG2002. Thessalonik 2003 WILMES H., FALK R.: Bad Homburg- a regional comparison site for absolute gravity meters. In: Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie, Vol. 26, 29-30, Luxembourg 2006 WILMES H., BOER A., RICHTER B., HARNISCH M., HARNISCH G., HASE H., ENGELHARD G.: A new data series observed with the remote superconducting gravimeter GWR R038 at the geodetic fundamental station TIGO in Concepcion (Chile). Journal of Geodynamics, v. 41, iss. 1-3, p. 5-13., 2006 WZIONTEK H., FALK R., WILMES H., WOLF P.: Rigorous combination of superconducting and absolute gravity measurements with respect to instrumental properties Bull. d'Inf. Marées Terr. (BIM) 142, 11417-11422, 2006
1. Introduction Airborne gravimetry developed in the past decades as to provide a more efficient observation technique compared to conventional ground observations and a higher spatial resolution than satellite methods. Currently, the spatial resolution at the level of one mGal3 is of the order of 3…8 km; the aim is 1 mGal/1 km. The gravimeter sensor utilises a spring-mass accelerometer to sense the total acceleration a. Gravity g is recovered by subtracting the inertial acceleration b, derived from GNSS positioning, i.e. g = a –b. Both observation techniques for a and b as also the problems of data fusion, i.e. reference frame transformations and system fit, require further developments. Classical airborne gravimeters use one vertical sensor mounted to a gyro stabilised platform and hence deliver scalar values; new developments are also dealing with gravity vectors from a triad of accelerometers. This report will restrict to airborne gravimetry with conventional sensors, hence we shall not be dealing with e.g. atom interferometers for gravimetry nor with gradiometers. Airborne gravity lends itself for data fusion with ground gravity, satellite gravimetry and topographic-isostatic data. The gravity (details) attenuation with height and relations of the continuous field to discrete data require further studies driven by applications and increasing data availability. 2. System development The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, was using a platform gravity meter system KSS31 of 'Bodenseewerk Geosystem' for marine gravimetry since 1984. Modifications for airborne gravimetry required raw data recording, improved platform control, sensor sealing to air pressure variations, weight reduction etc. Four Novatel OEM4 L1/L2 GPS receivers were acquired for kinematic positioning and inertial acceleration determination. After dynamical ground tests of the whole system on an airstrip, test flights out of Münster/Osnabrück followed in November 2003, showing the need for improvements of navigation and platform data (HEYDE, KEWITSCH 2004, 2005; MEYER, HEYDE 2004). Therefore, a Novatel SPAN INS/GPS integrating system was added. In coopera- 1 Gerd Boedecker: Bayerische Kommission für die Internationale Erdmesung / BEK, Alfons-Goppel-Str. 11, D - 80539 München, Germany; Tel. +49 - 89 - 23031 1212, e-mail: boe@bek.badw-muenchen.de 2 Uwe Meyer: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe / Aerogeophysik, Stilleweg 1, D - 30655 Hannover, Germany, Tel. +49 - 511 - 643-3212, e-mail: U.Meyer@bgr.de 3 1 mGal = 1 C10 -5 ms Airborne Gravimetry G. BOEDECKER 1 , U. MEYER 23 41 tion with BGGS (successor of 'Bodenseewerk Geosystem', see above) a modul for platform angular error observations was developed. Also accounting for horizontal accelerations, the gravity effects from platform misleveling can be corrected now. After these system improvements, four flight profiles were flown out of Münster/Osnabrück in May 2005, showing very satisfactory results despite rough air conditions (HEYDE, KEWITSCH 2006 a/b). Successful helicopter test flights in 2006 demonstrated e.g. the benefit of a smooth and steady flight path. The Institute of Flight Guidance (IFF) of the Technical University of Braunschweig had acquired a Chekan-A 2axis platform gravimeter of Elektropribor, St. Petersburg, Russia, several years ago (CREMER 2003, SCHÄNZER 2003). This instrument has been upgraded in the past years. E.g., a ring laser azimuth gyro for an analytical 3rd axis was added and via a Kalman filter developed for the whole system including also GPS states the misalignment was reduced considerably and dynamic capabilities were improved. For altitude determination, a precision barometric 'statoscope' of small range and high resolution has been refined by instrumental and modelling measures to an accuracy level commensurate with GNSS but with different characteristics which makes a fusion very attractive. Different GNSS kinematic positioning scenarios were studied. A patented complementary airborne gravimeter real time feedback system warrants high accuracies. Test flights with IFFs Dornier 128-6 demonstrated an anomaly accuracy / resolution of 1 mGal / 5 km. See CREMER, STELKENS (2003), STELKENS et al. (2003-2006). The Institute of Geodesy and Navigation (EN) at the University of Federal Armed Forces München at Neubiberg uses a commercial strapdown inertial navigation System (SDINS) system Sagem Sigma 30 equipped with triads of ring laser gyros and high precision accelerometers for airborne vector gravimetry. The focus of own activities is on algorithms including filters both for the total acceleration and for the kinematic acceleration signal. E.g., the aircrafts vibrations induced on the SDINS is mitigated by customized software instead of classical shockmounts. This facilitates aircraft integration and avoids further transfer function complexities. Kinematic accelerations were determined directly from GNSS receiver output without positioning detour. The resulting lower noise level allows
Page 1: DEUTSCHE GEODÄTISCHE KOMMISSION be
Page 4 and 5: Adresse des Herausgebers / Address
Page 7 and 8: Contents Commission 1 - Reference F
Page 9: COMMISSION 1 REFERENCE FRAMES 7
Page 12 and 13: 10 Commission 1 - Reference Frames
Page 16 and 17: 14 Introduction Celestial Reference
Page 26 and 27: 24 Introduction The contributions o
Page 30 and 31: 28 Satellite altimetry provides a p
Page 35: COMMISSION 2 GRAVITY FIELD 33
Page 38 and 39: 36 Commission 2 - Gravity Field res
Page 40 and 41: 38 Commission 2 - Gravity Field aut
Page 44 and 45: 42 Commission 2 - Gravity Field sho
Page 46 and 47: 44 Commission 2 - Gravity Field KRE
Page 48 and 49: 46 Commission 2 - Gravity Field Dev
Page 50 and 51: 48 Commission 2 - Gravity Field ILK
Page 52 and 53: 50 Introduction In the reporting pe
Page 54 and 55: 52 Commission 2 - Gravity Field of
Page 56 and 57: 54 Commission 2 - Gravity Field GRU
Page 58 and 59: 56 Commission 2 - Gravity Field LEM
Page 60 and 61: 58 1. Modelling Techniques Fundamen
Page 62 and 63: 60 Commission 2 - Gravity Field BUN
Page 64 and 65: 62 Commission 2 - Gravity Field Geo
Page 66 and 67: 64 Commission 2 - Gravity Field SCH
Page 68 and 69: 66 Commission 2 - Gravity Field gra
Page 70 and 71: 68 Commission 2 - Gravity Field LOM
Page 72 and 73: 70 Introduction The four years sinc
Page 74 and 75: 72 Commission 2 - Gravity Field met
Page 76 and 77: 74 Commission 2 - Gravity Field SCH
Page 79 and 80: Introduction The determination of E
Page 81 and 82: Introduction German investigations
Page 83 and 84: In Europe, there are detailed inves
Page 85 and 86: SASGEN, I., MULVANEY R., KLEMANN V.
Page 87 and 88: enabling us to map the behaviour of
Page 89 and 90: NAUJOKS M, JAHR T., JENTZSCH G.,. K
Page 91 and 92: nental hydrosphere. Thus, interpret
Page 93 and 94:
M. Thomas, M. Soffel, H. Drewes: Ea
Page 95 and 96:
M. Thomas, M. Soffel, H. Drewes: Ea
Page 97 and 98:
observed that the resulting masscha
Page 99 and 100:
Since 2001, the IERS Central Bureau
Page 101 and 102:
COMMISSION 4 POSITIONING AND APPLIC
Page 103 and 104:
The main highlights in the past fou
Page 105 and 106:
VLBI Space Geodetic Techniques (VLB
Page 107 and 108:
A. Nothnagel: Space Geodetic Techni
Page 109 and 110:
A. Nothnagel: Space Geodetic Techni
Page 111 and 112:
also be able to track the broadband
Page 113 and 114:
CHEN X., DEKING A., LANDAU H., STOL
Page 115 and 116:
SEEBER G.: Beitrag für „Directio
Page 117 and 118:
2003, WÜBBENA et al. 2006a) or in
Page 119 and 120:
Permanent GNSS Networks, including
Page 121 and 122:
G. Weber, M. Becker, J. Ihde: Perma
Page 123 and 124:
G. Weber, M. Becker, J. Ihde: Perma
Page 125 and 126:
General remarks The continuous and
Page 127 and 128:
Introduction GNSS Based Sounding of
Page 129 and 130:
J. Wickert, N. Jakowski: GNSS Based
Page 131 and 132:
J. Wickert, N. Jakowski: GNSS Based
Page 133 and 134:
References ADAM N.: TerraFirma Qual
Page 135 and 136:
Introduction The period 2003 - 2007
Page 137 and 138:
procedures and surveying instrument
Page 139 and 140:
Motivation During the last years, n
Page 141 and 142:
AVILA-RODRIGUEZ J.-A., PANY T., EIS
Page 143 and 144:
SEIFERT A., KLEUSBERG A. (2003): An
Page 145 and 146:
IAG PROJECTS 143
Page 147 and 148:
The Global Geodetic Observing Syste
Page 149 and 150:
KRÜGEL M., TESMER V., ANGERMANN D.
Page 151 and 152:
Inter-commission Committees (ICC) A
Page 153 and 154:
After the restructuring of the IAG
Page 155 and 156:
Introduction Physical Aspects of Ge
Page 157 and 158:
H. Drewes, M. Soffel: Physical Aspe
Page 159 and 160:
W. Keller, W. Freeden: Mathematical
Page 161 and 162:
W. Keller, W. Freeden: Mathematical
Page 163 and 164:
H. Kutterer, W.-D. Schuh: Quality M
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
B. ICC on Planetary Geodesy (ICCPG)
Page 171 and 172:
Introduction Various space missions
Page 173 and 174:
Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und
show all

NATIONAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ... - IAG Office

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?