NATIONAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ... - IAG Office

Introduction
The period 2003 – 2007 is dominated by two developments:
The stronger impact of powerful optical measuring systems
like laserscanners and lasertrackers on conceptual developments
and their applications in different areas of engineering
and the concept of integrating sensors and to use them
for more complex tasks like guidance of construction
machines and kinematic applications.
These developments imply more sophisticated concepts for
data processing, their adequate quality assessment and
adopted data analysis tools, where non-parametric
approaches have got importance.
Laserscanner and Lasertracker
The strong developments in geometry capture systems with
the ability of continuous scanning (Laserscanners) or
tracking (Lasertrackers) have initiated various activities for
the analysis of these new instruments including quality
assessment and calibration routines, development of
processing algorithms to achieve results in an almost automatic
procedure and finally their application in various
fields of engineering.
The actual status of the terrestrial laserscanning technique
is given in STAIGER and WUNDERLICH (2006). An overview
on actual algorithmic developments and practical applications
can be found in the proceedings of the national DVW-
Seminars on Terrestrial Laserscanning (BARTH et al. 2005,
SCHÄFER and NIEMEIER 2006).
The accuracy in the determination of geometrical structures
with the available lasersanners is a very important task.
Therefore WEHMANN (2007) is going to set-up a test field
for this purpose. Furthermore results of different engineering
investigations are presented in KERSTEN et al. (2005),
STERNBERG et al. (2005).
HEUNECKE and NIEMEIER (2004a and b) have discussed the
potential of these new measuring systems and proposed a
change of the paradigma in engineering geodesy, caused
by these new developments.
In the future Laserscanners will be set up also for kinematic
applications, for example for the monitoring of wind power
plants, cf. HESSE et al. (2006), KUTTERER and HESSE
(2006).
Applications in Engineering
W. SCHWARZ 1 , W. NIEMEIER 2
Positioning of Kinematic Objects
1 Willfried Schwarz: Professur Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie, Bauhaus Universität Weimar, D - 99423 Weimar, Germany,
Tel. +49 - 3643 - 58 45 30, Fax +49 - 3643 - 58 45 34, e-mail willfried.schwarz@bauing.uni-weimar.de
2 Wolfgang Niemeier: Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D - 38108 Braunschweig,
Germany, Tel. +49 - 531 - 391 74 73, Fax +49 - 531 - 391 74 99, e-mail w.niemeier@tu-braunschweig.de
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The research focus was on the development of modular
low-cost multisensor systems. A Kalman filter based on a
non-accelerated circle drive that integrates DGPS, odometers,
gyroscope and optical speed and distance sensor
was developed. The speciality is the use of a measurement
quantity as regulating variable. The filter was used for other
sensor combinations, too. The stochastic modelling of
coloured GPS measurement noise within the Kalman filter
is investigated by EICHHORN (2005). The evaluation of the
system and the sensor integration is carried out by methods
of sensitivity analysis RAMM (2006), SCHWIEGER (2006),
RAMM and SCHWIEGER (2004).
The integration of different sensors (coupling and integration
with GPS; INS, Inclinometers) including the georeferencing
is the topic of the investigations of NEUNER et
al. (2004), KUHLMANN and EICHHORN (2003).
Further developments of the kinematic multi-sensorsystems
KiSS and MoSES (GRÄFE et. al. (2004) for the
purpose of the surveying of railtracks were pointed out by
HEISTER (2007).
A similar multi-sensor-systems will be applied in precision
farming, see SIEMS and KUHLMANN (2006), KUHLMANN
and SIEMS (2007).
Calibration and Sensor Examination
Reflections for a general check of GPS-receiver-systems
are presented in HEISTER (2006). Possibilities for calibration
of precision levelling rods will be addressed in HEISTER
(2006), HEISTER et al. (2005), HEISTER and SCHAUERTE
(2005). A new CCD-based technique for the calibration of
levelling rods is published in WASMEIER et al. (2006).
In kinematic applications the most ambitious aim is to
determine the time delay between all included sensors when
observing moving objects. Because of the high accuracy
demands, in some cases it is not possible to generate an
even more precise reference for the measurements. Therefore,
self-calibration methods, accompanied by concurrent
calibration processes, are developed and applied, for
example in the angle encoder calibration (DEPENTHAL 2006,
2007).