15.01.2013 Views

Fütterungsbedingte mikrobielle Zusammensetzung von Rinderkot ...

Fütterungsbedingte mikrobielle Zusammensetzung von Rinderkot ...

Fütterungsbedingte mikrobielle Zusammensetzung von Rinderkot ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

8. Summary 84<br />

8. Summary<br />

As an important component of organic fertilizers, animal faeces require methods for<br />

determining diet effects on their microbial quality to improve nutrient use efficiency in<br />

soil and to decrease gaseous greenhouse emissions to the environment. Since more than<br />

half of the faecal nitrogen originates from microbial N, a knowledge of the microbial<br />

biomass content in livestock faeces is useful. The objectives of the first study were to<br />

apply the chloroform fumigation extraction (CFE) method for determining microbial<br />

biomass in cattle faeces, to determine the fungal cell-membrane component ergosterol,<br />

and to measure the cell-wall components fungal glucosamine and bacterial muramic<br />

acid as indices for the microbial community structure. The CFE method should detect<br />

living organisms, including bacteria, fungi and achaea. A variety of extractant solutions<br />

were tested for the CFE method to obtain stable extracts and reproducible microbial<br />

biomass C and N values. Application of 0.05 M CuSO4 as extractant solved previous<br />

problems with the extraction of CHCl3 labile N components and provided stable faeces<br />

extracts. The methods were compared in a 28-day cattle faeces incubation study at 25<br />

°C. Here, the microbial biomass indices showed dynamic characteristics and possible<br />

shifts in the microbial community. In faeces of five heifers, the mean microbial biomass<br />

C/N ratio was 5.6, the mean microbial biomass to organic C ratio was 2.2%, and the<br />

mean ergosterol to microbial biomass C ratio was 1.1‰. Ergosterol and amino sugar<br />

analysis revealed a significant contribution of fungi, with a percentage of more than<br />

40% of the total microbial C. All methods applied are expected to be suitable tools for<br />

analysing the microbial quality of cattle faeces. They were adopted independently and<br />

further compared for the following feeding experiments.<br />

In the second publication, an N deficient (ND) and an N balanced diet (NB) were<br />

compared with respect to the impacts on faecal composition, microbial indices and<br />

digestibility. Differences between individuals and sampling days were also considered.<br />

The mean values of microbial biomass C and N concentrations averaged around 37 and<br />

4.9 mg g-1 DM, respectively. Ergosterol, together with fungal glucosamine and<br />

bacterial muramic acid, revealed a contribution of fungi in dairy cattle faeces of 25%<br />

fungal C as a percentage of total microbial C. Changes in ruminal N supply showed<br />

significant effects on faecal composition. Faecal C/N ratio of the NB treatment was<br />

significantly lower than in ND. The same applies for the mean microbial biomass C/N

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!