Health sector reform in Mali, 1989-1996 - TropMed Central Antwerp ...

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54 PERFORMANCE The performance of the first ComHCs differed from previous first level services in Mali. There were distinct improvements, particularly in the quality and coverage of care more than in organization and management of health centres. The inadequacies—and the constraints—were evident, but the ComHCs showed that significant progress was possible. Three types of activities (curative care, prenatal care, and vaccination of children less than 1 year of age) were evaluated before and after transformation of the health area. The differences were more pronounced in areas benefiting from an established ComHC (Fig. 9) than in areas that had undergone “revitalization” of their existing SDHC 42 (Fig. 10). The contrast is obviously more significant in the health area of Mozambala, seeing that previously it was deprived of a health centre. Before the establishment of a ComHC, services were provided by a distant sub-district health centre about 15 km away. The range of MPS services. While the MPS necessarily comprised a group of curative, preventive, and promotional activities, it was recognized as minimal: besides the control of current and priority diseases (malaria, acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea), an integrated care for infant nutrition was organized (nutritional follow-up, vitamin A supplementation, vaccination, and promotion of child spacing for mothers). Normal deliveries, prenatal care, and family planning were also included. In contrast, STDs were not yet benefiting from adequate support, and the control of chronic diseases was limited or not developed outside of existing vertical programmes (e.g., leprosy and tuberculosis). The basic training of health personnel was unsuitable, inconsistent, and generally weak; it made rapid development of the MPS during the training that preceded the launch of new ComHCs more problematic. 42 As we will see further on, there are some areas where it was preferable to transform (“revitalize”) the SDHC rather than to create a new ComCH. Studies in HSO&P,20,2003
Figure 9. Performance in the health area of Mozambala before and after establishment of the ComHC (use and coverage rates) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Before After Curative Antenatal care DPT3 Figure 10. Performance in the health area of the SDHC of Kalabankoro before and after “revitalization” (use and coverage rates) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Before After Curative Antenatal care DPT3 Studies in HSO&P,20,2003 55
Page 2 and 3:
Studies in Health Services Organisa
Page 5 and 6:
Acknowledgements The authors partic
Page 7 and 8: Limits of past experiences A new he
Page 9 and 10: purchase drugs from the dispensarie
Page 11 and 12: workshops and specialized studies b
Page 13 and 14: Community participation in managing
Page 15 and 16: decentralization, and integration o
Page 17 and 18: esearchers were often involved in d
Page 19 and 20: Achievements and problems Declarati
Page 21 and 22: 1990-1992: towards a strategy for c
Page 23 and 24: technical assistants who were exper
Page 25 and 26: making all the right decisions at t
Page 27 and 28: plans started with a discussion of
Page 29 and 30: extending coverage. Initially, each
Page 31 and 32: the district, and to assess what hu
Page 33 and 34: of the area. • Guarantees a minim
Page 35 and 36: Health (to such an extent that some
Page 37 and 38: THE ISSUE OF ESSENTIAL DRUGS From i
Page 39 and 40: The new strategies were developed w
Page 41 and 42: That may appear simple and obvious,
Page 43 and 44: managerial instrument tools for fol
Page 45 and 46: operational forms to facilitate int
Page 47 and 48: that were largely committed did not
Page 49 and 50: Table 9: Achievements and problems
Page 51 and 52: 1993-1995: first achievements Distr
Page 53 and 54: Methods workshop 2 weeks Finalizing
Page 55 and 56: evaluation of the approaches was po
Page 57: approach through negotiations, with
Page 61 and 62: In Dougouolo, a survey 45 revealed
Page 63 and 64: REACTION Establishing the MPS with
Page 65 and 66: transformed into a ComHC? Should th
Page 67 and 68: contributed to the debate at the na
Page 69 and 70: Organizing and developing referral
Page 71 and 72: on these experiments, but in both s
Page 73 and 74: % Expected births Figure 12. Obstet
Page 75 and 76: ambulance evacuation by the health
Page 77 and 78: The ComHA-BA—the community health
Page 79 and 80: maintaining the centre’s capacity
Page 81 and 82: Table 15. Effects of contractual mo
Page 83 and 84: Motivation of health staff received
Page 85 and 86: Financing of the sector and viabili
Page 87 and 88: financing of the ComHCs was conside
Page 89 and 90: to placing the complex and costly r
Page 91 and 92: Profit on drugs. Another aspect tes
Page 93 and 94: These simulations deliberately favo
Page 95 and 96: Table 20. Distribution of investmen
Page 97 and 98: Results for the first ComHCs projec
Page 99 and 100: The answers to these questions emer
Page 101 and 102: Specific contracts had no justifica
Page 103 and 104: etter still, to do it in a way that
Page 105 and 106: Table 22. Operating account for23 C
Page 107 and 108: 1995. Even though begun, this evolu
Page 109 and 110:
1994-1995: Scaling up and improving
Page 111 and 112:
implementations and their acceptabi
Page 113 and 114:
Extension of coverage had to be acc
Page 115 and 116:
priority was always given to the se
Page 117 and 118:
When achievements started to mount
Page 119 and 120:
Faced with increasing pressure, tec
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 24. Performance achieved in
Page 123 and 124:
SDHC; on the right, the area that b
Page 125 and 126:
situation opened prospects for inte
Page 127 and 128:
Managing change Without the project
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 27. The position of national
Page 131 and 132:
commitment score 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2
Page 133 and 134:
Joint central supervision 104 playe
Page 135 and 136:
Table of contents Acknowledgements
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