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reverse engineering – recent advances and applications - OpenLibra

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Preface XIII<br />

the step-by-step application of integrated RE <strong>and</strong> DFMA <strong>and</strong> highlight the possible<br />

cost savings <strong>and</strong> related challenges.<br />

Part 3: Reverse Engineering in Medical <strong>and</strong> Life Sciences<br />

In part 3, our focus changes from industrial artifacts to artifacts related to medical <strong>and</strong><br />

life sciences. Use-cases in this context relate mainly to the increased amounts of data<br />

acquired from such application domains which can support more detailed <strong>and</strong>/or<br />

accurate modeling <strong>and</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing of medical <strong>and</strong> biological phenomena. As such,<br />

<strong>reverse</strong> <strong>engineering</strong> has here a different flavor than in the first two parts of the book:<br />

Rather than recovering information lost during an earlier design process, the aim is to<br />

extract new information on natural processes in order to best underst<strong>and</strong> the<br />

dynamics of such processes.<br />

In Chapter 10, Yuji et al. present a method to <strong>reverse</strong> engineer the structure <strong>and</strong><br />

dynamics of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). High amounts of gene-related data are<br />

available from various information sources, e.g. gene expression experoments,<br />

molecular interaction, <strong>and</strong> gene ontology databases. The challenges is how to find<br />

relationships between transcription factors <strong>and</strong> their potential target genes, given that<br />

one has to deal with noisy datasets containing tens of thous<strong>and</strong>s of genes that act<br />

according to different temporal <strong>and</strong> spatial patterns, strongly interact among each<br />

others, <strong>and</strong> exhibit subsampling. A computational data mining framework is<br />

presented which integrates all above-mentioned information sources, <strong>and</strong> uses genetic<br />

algorithms based on particle swarm optimization techniques to find relationships of<br />

interest. Results are presented on two different cell datasets.<br />

In Chapter 11, Mayo et al. present a <strong>reverse</strong> <strong>engineering</strong> activity that aims to create a<br />

predictive model of the dynamics of gas transfer (oxygen uptake) in mammalian<br />

lungs. The solution involves a combination of geometric modeling of the mammalian<br />

lung coarse-scale structure (lung airways), mathematical modeling of the gas transport<br />

equations, <strong>and</strong> an efficient way to solve the emerging system of diffusion-reaction<br />

equations by several modeling <strong>and</strong> numerical approximations. The proposed model is<br />

next validated in terms of predictive power by comparing its results with actual<br />

experimental measurements. All in all, the <strong>reverse</strong> <strong>engineering</strong> of the complex<br />

respiratory physical process can be used as an addition or replacement to more costly<br />

measuring experiments.<br />

In Chapter 12, Cernescu et al. present a <strong>reverse</strong> <strong>engineering</strong> application in the context<br />

of dental <strong>engineering</strong>. The aim is to efficiently <strong>and</strong> effectively assess the mechanical<br />

quality of manufactured complete dentures in terms of their behavior to mechanical<br />

stresses e.g. detect areas likely to underperform or crack in normal operation mode.<br />

The <strong>reverse</strong> <strong>engineering</strong> pipeline presented covers the steps of 3D model acquisition<br />

by means of scanning <strong>and</strong> surface reconstruction, creation of a finite element mesh<br />

suitable for numerical simulations, <strong>and</strong> the actual computation of stress <strong>and</strong> strain<br />

factors in presence of induced model defects.

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