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Climate change Human Health Ozone depletion Human toxicity Photochemical oxidant formation Particulate matter formation Climate change Ecosystems Terrestrial acidification Terrestrial ecotoxicity Mineral depletion Fossil depletion Congrès International sur l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie Lille, Novembre 2011 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 -2000 -4000 Standardization - ReCiPe Endpoint Without any treatment With treatment and valorization FIG. 1: Comparison of standardized environmental impacts with or without treatment of fridges Important steps For the old scenario without any treatment, step ii) concerning release of refrigerants and oil participates the most to the environmental impact followed by the landfilling. Metals recovery permits an environmental gain and reduces the global score for both scenarios. About the treatment and valorization scenario, the recycling of different materials such as plastics, glass or metals leads to a negative, i.e. beneficial, impact. Incineration of refrigerants avoids quite totally their emissions into the air, reducing their impact on the ozone layer. Energy and material consumptions exert a positive impact which is compensated by the other environmental benefits. Conclusions Results of this study prove the importance of collecting and valorizing fridges especially for old fridges containing refrigerants banned by the Montreal Protocol. Recovery and incineration of these pollutants permit to greatly reduce climate change and ozone depletion impacts. References [1] Van Gansewinkel, Average composition of a fridge, 2010. [2] ISO(2006). ISO 14040 : Management environnemental – Analyse du cycle de vie – Principes et cadre, ISO. [3] ISO(2006). ISO 14044 : Management environnemental – Analyse du cycle de vie – Exigences et ligens directrices, ISO. [4] Goedkoop, M., R. Heijungs, et al. (2009). ReCiPe 2008 - A life cycle impact assessment method which comprises harmonised category indicators at the midpoint and the endpoint level. Ruimte en Milieu. [5] Van Gansewinkel, Energy and material consumptions, 2010. [6] ecoinvent Centre (2010). The life cycle inventory data version 2.2. , Swiss Center for Life Cycle Inventories. Acknowledgement - The authors thank Van Gansewinkel and Intradel for their collaboration and avalaibility in this study. - 102 -
Congrès International sur l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie Lille, Novembre 2011 LCA as a part of product design of equipment used in the fish processing industry, A product developer’s perspective. Abstract: Eirin Bar SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Address Richard Birkelands vei 2b, 7491Trondheim, NORWAY eirin.bar@sintef.no This study presents the experience with the use of a simplified LCA tool in the early phase of a product development process. It concludes that although a simplified LCA can be used to gather important knowledge, sharing it both with the team and the customer is crucial in order to effectively integrate this knowledge in the product development process. Introduction It is commonly accepted that Life Cycle Assessment is a successful tool in order to evaluate environmental performance of products yet the use of LCA in product development (PD) is not a straight forward procedure. The use of simplified LCA in a design phase of a product development process can be an effective tool to enhance eco effectively, given the condition that the goal and scope of the LCA study are selected in conformity with a specific need and implemented in a conscious and reflective manner.[1] But, without knowledge about why and how environmental concerns should be integrated into a product, other requirements will be perceived as more important and take precedence. It is stated that the tools in Eco Design are not as important as specification and goal setting early in the development phase. [2] But without knowledge on environmental performance of the product it becomes difficult to aim at environmentally beneficial solutions. The design paradox as shown in figure 1 indicates the need for knowledge in early PD phases. The possibility of improving the eco efficiency of a product rapidly declines as the PD process progress. The purpose of an LCA is to enable the user to make a judgment on environmental performance.[1] The use of a simplified LCA as a tool to identify environmental hotspots by analyzing product concepts and similar existing solutions will give more knowledge early in the PD process when there is a high degree of freedom and possibility of affecting the eco efficiency of the end product. Figure The design paradox in relation to eco efficiency (Inspierd by M. Lindahl) - 103 -
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