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CO2 Footprint (kg)
CO2 Footprint (kg)
Congrès International sur l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie Lille, Novembre 2011
The RDC in the model is used for 3 years (continuously) in the UK (electricity mix). The transport
of the components is assumed to be single trips from their respective blast furnaces.
Results:
The results corroborate the findings from previous studies (Youbi-Idrissi et al. (2007); Watkins and
Tassou (2006)) stating that the use phase has the dominant impact. However, remanufacturing and
refurbishment have the potential to be repeated several times. After one refurbishment iteration, 633 kg of
CO 2e are saved.
Table 5 Summary table total carbon footprints and energy used for alternative EoL of the Chicago 1.2m
Energy (MJ) CO 2 (kg)
EoL scenario 1 232,688.7 14,511.2
EoL scenario 2 221,117 13,877.9
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
-2000
14 600,00
14 500,00
14 400,00
14 300,00
14 200,00
14 100,00
14 000,00
13 900,00
13 800,00
13 700,00
13 600,00
13 500,00
Total Carbon
Footprint
EoL Scenario 1
EoL Scenario 2
Figure 10 Chicago carbon footprint broken down by life
phase
Figure 11 Chicago total carbon footprint
Conclusion:
Carbon savings from remanufacturing and refurbishment are marginal in proportion to those
produced during the use phase but they are physically significant and one iteration results in a saving of
633 kg CO 2e . Nonetheless, supermarkets can significantly reduce the environmental impacts of RDCs by
adopting a holistic view of their life cycles, which, at the same time prolongs their lifespan. (One has to
bear in mind that, larger supermarkets (hypermarkets) use a greater number of RDCs). Therefore the
repeated remanufacture and refurbishment, in conjunction with the retrofitting of the best available
techniques (that do not entail excessive costs (BATNEET)) will simultaneously reduce embodied carbon,
and indirect and direct emissions. Furthermore, there is a need to carry out an analysis of systematic
materials substitution for the least carbon intensive option that does not entail excessive costs. Further
empirical data are needed to validate the argument presented. It is anticipated that the project will
progress toward the life cycle sustainability assessment of RDCs with the purpose of providing economic
and social data for RDC procurement decisions.
Key Words: Refrigerated Display Cabinets-Remanufacturing- Carbon Footprint-Life Cycle Thinking-
Grocery Retail
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