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open society panelWorkshop stage,Afghanistan, 2005.Courtesy of DuccioBellugi-Vannuccinican’t go on talking like that.” They had tounderstand that the rumoring among themselveshad to stop if they wanted art to comeinto being. But the surprise was that theatercan be like music, it can be totally clear andtranscendent, even when I knew who wasunder the mask and knew how we were mixinglanguages and nationalities.So that was the surprise. That theater,when it was present, when it was among us,could reign — as if nothing else was importantexcept art. Religion? We didn’t care. Man orwoman? This was forgotten — for a while, notoutside our workshop, but for a while. Nobodycame in with a burka, only head scarves, andthe girls that were going to the workshopdid not wear the burka outside. There is aphotograph of two Afghan women with twoactresses from Théâtre du Soleil, and one ofthe Afghans has her shoulders naked. Thisis a sort of tiny revolution in itself, thoughnobody even mentioned it — it was just whathad to be done in order to work. Of course,there are things which are intolerable, and infact I think we must tell them what is intolerable,and we did so.74
théâtre du soleil in afghanistanMy goal in choosing the theme for theworkshop was to go as far as I could go withoutrocking the situation. As I said, I didn’tknow everybody who was there. I knew thegroup of fifty, the people who really wanted todo theater. But sitting behind were other people,and I didn’t know what they were thinking.That’s why I didn’t want something tosuddenly happen which would hinder everyone,and which would stop this flowering libertythat we discovered in the workshop. I didnot push. As we say in France, je ne voulais paspoussez le bouchons trop loin — I did not wantto push the cork too far. If we do a scene onarranged marriage in Afghanistan, that meanswe have to talk about somebody who is verynear us. And we have to talk about an everydayhappening in Afghanistan. But distance isalso a great tool in theater, and I think theyunderstood perfectly well the cruelty — yes,the cruelty — of this act, from watching aMolière scene about an arranged marriage inseventeenth-century Italy.We dealt with comedy as well. Thatwas my second goal: mask and comedy. If wewant to deal with forced marriages in Afghanistantoday, that’s tragedy, not comedy, so it’sanother form. Maybe if there is another workshop,and people are working there for a longertime, they can deal directly with tragedy. ButI wanted to deal with comedy, because I thinkthat comedy has a revolutionary strength, andbecause I thought — mistakenly — that theydidn’t laugh a lot. They worked on Molièrewithout exactly knowing they were workingon Molière. And I discovered that they canreally laugh!In response to questions I have heardabout whether theater is received or condemnedas a Western form in Afghanistan,I must say that I don’t think the word Westernizedis a good one because they have manyEastern Greek Orthodox theaters. And theEast has beautiful theaters, too: India hasmany very beautiful theaters, and Indonesiahas beautiful theater, and other Islamic countriestoo. Theater is not Western. Art is notWestern. I don’t even know what Westerninfluence is. It depends on what people aretold, of course; if somebody comes to a villageand says, “This is Shi‘ite, this is Western,”then the perception doesn’t come frominstinct, it comes from propaganda.The struggle against art does not comefrom the soul; it comes from the brainwashing,from fascism. I think theater is in our genes,so of course it’s dangerous. It’s dangerous. Soeither they try, fascists try to destroy it, or theytry and manipulate it, because they know it’sa very, very powerful weapon in a way. It’s acivilization weapon. It’s incarnation. It’s flesh,it’s thinking flesh, so it mustn’t rival anotherpower.kluyver I have some experience with thistoo. First, as a general remark, I will say thattheater is a medium — theater in itself is notWestern or Eastern. We have actually showntheater in more than seven hundred differentplaces in Afghanistan to date. We haveorganized theater, mobile theater campaigns,which related to elections, but with a freekind of interpretation: not really deliveringmessages, but offering a general idea of whyelections are important, of what kind of personyou should try to elect. Since Afghanistanhas a lot of regional cultural differences, weuse local groups to tour in their own regionsinstead of sending a group from Kabul, sincethe groups in Kabul are afraid of going to theother provinces. Local groups already knowhow far they can go, and what they can do.So this helps bridge differences from regionto region, for example, and especially with theissue of women: In some regions they won’thave women actresses perform, but they’ll havemale actors dress up and perform the roles ofwomen. In other regions even that is not done.In the north when we ask them to put in onewoman, they put in two women because theywould like to have more women perform, soit depends a little bit on the region. But it’s75
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