Book Fauna Palaestina 4 Year 2014 By Prof Dr Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf von Jaffa ISBN 978-9950-383-77-7

of the way up the fin rather than being restricted to the base; and
the flanks may not be mottled. Fish from muddy water are a
sickly grey with the body mottled and the lower caudal lobe dark.
Their colour darkens and becomes brighter after immersion in ice
water. Fish from deep in qanats are very pale (Coad, 2013).
The newly discovered Palestine Doctor Fish subspecies Garra rufa
wadiqana Khalaf, 2013 at Ain Al Basa Spring, Wadi Qana Nature
Reserve, Salfit Governorate, State of Palestine. Photo by: Ola Mostafa
Khalaf. 08.07.2013.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/50022881@N00/9500749723/
Size
Garra rufa attains 24 cm total length in the Tigris River in Iraq.
Reaches 15.9 cm, over 17 cm according to Heckel (1843). Fish up
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