sarCevi - Constitutional Court of Georgia

myife demokratiebi
marTlo Sto xelisuflebis damatebiT wyaros warmoadgens 213 , rac saocrad gviani ganviTarebaa
monteskies qveyanaSi 214 . savaraudod, damoukidebeli sasamarTlo kontrolis
principis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, sakonstitucio sabWos umniSvnelovanesi
gadawyvetileba gamotanili iqna 1971 wels, zustad politikuri partiebis akrZalvis
sferoSi 215 . sabWom ara konstituciurad gamoacxada kanoni, romelic aRmasrulebel
xelisuflebas politikuri partiis formirebis akrZalvis uflebas aZlevda,
maSin roca aRniSnuli uflebamosileba manamde ar mieniWa sakuTari iniciativiT
moqmed sakanonmdeblo organos 216 .
ruseTi saintereso kontrasts iTvaliswinebs. 1991 wels warumatebeli samxedro
gadatrialebis gariJraJze ruseTis prezidentma gamosca brZanebulebebis seria,
romliTac aikrZala komunisturi partia da konfiskebul iqna misi qoneba 217 , rac,
Tavis mxriv, gaxda axlad formirebul sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis
safuZveli. 218 sakmaod politikurad motivirebuli sasamarTlo ganxilvis Sedegad,
sasamarTlom komunisturi partiis saqmeze 219 daadgina, rom partiis amkrZalavi
brZanebuleba konstituciuri iyo, Tundac sagangebo mdgomareobis ararsebobis
SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan amkrZalavi norma efuZneboda konstituciis debulebas, romelic
„krZalavs partiebis, organizaciebis, moZraobebis saqmianobas, romlebic miznad
isaxaven konstituciiT dadgenili wesrigis Secvlasa da saxelmwifo uSiSroebis
damxobas“ 220 . sirTule imaSi mdgomareobda, rom akrZalva Sefardebuli iqna prezidentis
unilateraluri aqtiT da yovelgvari dadgenili samarTalwarmoebis wesis
dacvis gareSe. da mainc, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom akrZalvis ganxorcielebamde
gasaCivreba SesaZlebeli iyo, rac partiis uflebebis sakmaris dacvad CaiTvala 221 ,
Sesabamisad, sakonstitucio sasamarTlom akrZalva ZalaSi datova 222 .
meore saproceso garantia dakavSirebulia formasTan, romelic SeiZleba hqondes
xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebul RonisZiebas. zemoT CamoTvlili saqmeebidan,
213 sakonstitucio sabWos sasamarTlo kontrolis Sesaxeb ix., John Ferejohn & Pasquale Pasquino, Constitutional Adjudication:
Lessons from Europe, 82 Tex. L. Rev. 1671 (2004), aRwers sasamarTlo kontrolis SemoRebas safrangeTSi,
rogorc „zomieri“ an SezRuduli mTavrobis instrumentad, romelic garantiaa tiranuli umravlesobis
winaaRmdeg” Id. gv. 1685 (footnote omitted); Burt Neuborne, Judicial Review and Separation of Powers in France and the United
States, 57 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 363, 377–410 (1982).
214 monteskies mier xelisuflebaTa danawilebis Teoriasa da damoukidebel sasamarTlo kontrols Soris rTuli
urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb ix.Olivier Moréteau, Codes as Straight-Jackets, Safeguards, and Alibis: The Experience of
the French Civil Code, 20 N.C. J. Int’l L. & Com. Reg. 273 (1995).
215 CC decision no. 71-44DC, 16 ivlisi, 1971, Rec. 29.
216 franguli saqmeebi detalurad ix. Neuborne, supra note 211, gv. 390–93.
217 3 Transitional Justice, supra note 105, gv. 432–35 (translating the presidential decrees).
218 ufro detalurad ix. ruseTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos formireba da aRzeveba, agreTve konteqsti saqmeze
komunisturi partiis saqme, ix. Feofanov, supra note 126.
219 3 Transitional Justice, supra note 105, gv.gv. 436–55 (nawilobriv Targmnilia 1992 wlis 30 noembers, ruseTis
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba.
220 Id. gv. 442.
221 Id. gv. 443.
222 Id. gv. 454.
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