sarCevi - Constitutional Court of Georgia

myife demokratiebi
germanulma sasamarTlom SeniSna socialisturi raixis partiis saqmeze, erT-erTi
yvelaze TvalSisacemi aspeqti partiis programaSi iyo is, rom mas sakuTari organizaciuli
struqtura qveynisTvis moexvia Tavs 236 . da marTlac, es ambicia me-
20 saukunis totalitarul reJimebsac ki axasiaTebs. TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi es
regresuli partiebi TavianTi partiis disciplinebul struqturas saxelmwifos
mmarTvelobis safuZvlad moiazreben da cdiloben, partiasa da saxelmwifos Soris
kedlis dangrevas. ase magaliTad. Teoretikosebi politikur partiaTa rols saxelmwifos
formirebaSi mniSvnelovnad miiCneven da amtkiceben, rom Tavad partiebi
unda aCvenebdnen TavianTi Sida mowyobiT demokratiuli principebis erTgulebas,
rac avtoritarul reJimebSi kategoriulad aris ignorirebuli 237 . merseli kidev
ufro ganavrcobs aRniSnul msjelobas da acxadebs, rom vinaidan politikuri partiebis
gareSe Tanamedrove demokratia ar arsebobs, isini demokratiuli sazogadoebis
fuZemdebluri principebis mixedviT unda moqmedebdnen 238 .
is, rom saxelmwifos aqvs ufleba, arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT politikuri partiis
Sida mowyobaSi Caerios, mZlavr berkets aniWebs saxelmwifos. erT-erTi mizezi, rac
problemurs xdis politikuri partiebis akrZalvas, aris zustad is, rom partiebi
arian is mniSvnelovani Suamavli organizaciebi, romlebic SesaZlebels xdian yuradsaReb
saxalxo mobilizacias saxelmwifo xelisuflebis gareT da mis winaaRmdeg.
swored am mizezis gamoa, rom Tanamedrove konstitucionalizmSi partiebis
Camoyalibebisa da funqcionirebis ufleba wamyvani mniSvnelobisaa 239 . magram demokratiuli
sazogadoebis pluralistuli Sexedulebebis yvela politikuri partiis
Sida organizaciuli mowyobisTvis Tavsmoxveva, savaraudod, saxifaToa partiebis
politikuri xelSeuxeblobisa da saxelmwifosgan organizaciuli damoukideblobis
SezRudvis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, amerikuli saxelmwifo samarTlis Tanaxmad,
saxelmwifo unda icavdes da uzrunvelyofdes neitralitets religiis sakiTxebze
da igive damokidebulebaa bevr, magram ara yvela demokratiul saxelmwifoSi 240 .
niSnavs Tu ara es, rom qristian-demokratiuli partia unda aikrZalos imis gamo,
rom saxelmwifos neitralitetis dacvis valdebulebas arRvevs? cxadia, ara, magram
es magaliTi aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania saxelmwifos da partiebis mimarT
236 Id., Targmnilia nawilobriv Murphy & Tanenhaus, supra note 103, gv. 602, 604.
237 Mersel, supra note 112, gv. 97 (amtkicebs, rom „Sida demokratiis nakleboba garegani demokratiis mtkicebulebaa“;
James A. Gardner, Can Party Politics Be Virtuous?, 100 Colum. L. Rev. 667, 683–85 (2000) (amtkicebs, rom „bevris momcveli
Sida samarTalwarmoeba SeiZleba aqarwylebdes partiis liderebis kontrolsa da kandidatebis SerCevasTan
dakavSirebul SeSfoTebas).
238 Mersel, supra note 112, gv. 96–98 (claiming, as one of several justifications for requiring internal party democracy, that because
individuals in a democratic state enjoy rights to equality and liberty, and because political parties are important components of a democratic
regime, individuals should enjoy the same rights within the parties).
239 ix. argumenti, rom aSS-is konstitucia moZvelebulia politikur partiebTan mimarTebiT Issacharoff & Pildes, supra
note 40, gv. 712–16. marTlac, igulisxmeba, rom konstitucias unda Seeqmna partiebis gareSe politikuri
struqtura, id. gv.713–14 — es idea 1800 wlis arCevnebSi damarcxda. John Ferling, Adams vs. Jefferson (2004);
Daryl J. Levinson & Richard H. Pildes, Separation of Parties, Not Powers, 119 Harv. L. Rev. 2311 (2006).
240 demokratiuli sazogadoebebis Sesadareblad, romelTac aqvT an ar aqvT gamorCeuli statusis mqone eklesia,
ix., Richard Albert, American Separationism and Liberal Democracy: The Establishment Clause in Historical and Comparative
Perspective, 88 Marq. L. Rev. 867, 901–23 (2005).
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