sarCevi - Constitutional Court of Georgia

88
samuel isaSarovi
marTalia, arsebobs implementaciis sxvadasxva formebi, magram is ZiriTadi idea,
razedac partiis akrZalvebia damyarebuli aris is, rom partiebi an xvdebian an ar
xvdebian demokratiuli prcesis SigniT 113 . Tu maTi miznebi sakmarisad ewinaaRmdegeba
demokratiul principebs, isini SeiZleba aikrZalon. akrZalvebis umetesoba
momdinareobs Tavad konstituciidan. am kuTxiT safrangeTi gamonaklisia imiT, rom
misi 1936 wlis kanoni aregulirebs kerZo SeiraRebuli dajgufebebis arsebobas 114 .
zogierTi konstituciuri akrZalva sakmaod farTod aris formulirebuli, rogorc
magaliTad, italiis konstituciis 49-e muxlis SemTxvevaSi, romelic ukrZalavs partiebs
`demokratiuli meTodis” darRvevas 115 . akrZalvebis umetesoba ufro konkretulia,
rogorc magaliTad, germaniis ZiriTadi kanonis 21-e muxlis SemTxvevaSi,
romelic iTvaliswinebs politikuri partiebis Tavisufali formirebis uflebas,
magram moiTxovs, rom maTi „Sida mowyoba Seesabamebodes demokratiul principebs”
da kategoriulad krZalavs partiebs, romlebic `miiswrafvian Tavisufali demokratiuli
wyobilebis gauqmebisken an germaniis federaluri respublikas arsebobas
ayeneben safrTxis qveS” 116 . da mainc, medlis meore mxarea is, rom Tu partiebi ar arian
akrZaluli, isini gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT sargebloben. germaniis sasamarTlos
Tanaxmad, `konstitucia iTmens im safrTxes, romelic organuladaa damaxasiaTebeli
politikuri partiis saqmianobisTvis, vidre aRniSnuli partia arakonstituciurad
ar gamocxaddeba~. 117
partiis akrZalva yovelTvis romelime mosazrebiT xdeba. TiToeuli maTgani SeiZleba
garkveul SeSfoTebas iwvevdes. pirvel rigSi, arsebobs akrZalvebi, romlebic
SeiZleba kanonieri iyos imdenad, ramdenadac aRkveTs im teroristu li da
amboxebuli jgufebis propagandas, romlebic TavisTavad sisxlis sa mar T liT ikr-
Zaleba an iwvevs TavdaccviT SeiaraRebul reagirebas. meore rigSi, arsebobs akr-
Zalvebi partiebze, romlebic regionuli damoukideblobis ZalebTanaa SekavSirebuli
da rogorc wesi, religiuri an eTqnikuri niSniT gansazRvruli. aseT partiebs
ukaviaT politikuri pozicia, romelic qveynis teritoriul mTlianobasTan winaaRmdegobaSi
modis. dabolos, partiebi SeiZleba daeqvemdebaron SezRudvobs, Tu isini
liberaluri demokratiis Zireul safuZvlebs emuqrebian, magram romelTa mizanic,
ama Tu im doziT, aris xelisuflebaSi mosvla amomrCevelTa xmebis umravlesobiT.
ar aris aucilebeli CamoTvlili kategoriebi eqskluziuri iyos. magaliTad, libanSi
hezbolas platforma samive elements moicavs. TurqeTis mTavrobam qurTu-
113 Paul Franz, Unconstitutional and Outlawed Political Parties: A German-American Comparison, 5 B.C. Int’l & Comp. L. Rev. 51, 63
(1982) (aRniSnavs, rom germanuli samarTliT, partiebi „Tavisufalni arian saxelmwifos mxridan diskriminaciis
da Carevisgan, Tu sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ar daudgenia partiis arakonstituciuroba”).
114 Yigal Mersel, The Dissolution of Political Parties: The Problem of Internal Democracy, 4 Int’l J. Const. L. 84, 92 n.41 (2006) (adarebs
safrangeTis xelisuflebas xorvatiis, italiis, poloneTis da espaneTis magaliTebs.
115 Niesen, supra note 15, gv. 19 (uTiTebs italiis konstituciis 49-e muxls).
116 ZiriTadi kanonis muxli 21(1), (2), Targmnilia nawilobriv, Kommers, supra note 103, gv. 507, 511.
117 Radical Groups Case, BVerfG 14 Tebervali, 1978, 47 BVerfGE 198, Targmnilia nawilobriv, RS, supra note 103,
gv. 224, 227.