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mecniereba2. pirdapiri ganzraxva (directer Vorsatz - dolus directus) gulisxmobs imas, romsubieqti darwmunebulia danaSaulis Semadgenlobis ama Tu im elementis arsebobasaan qmedebis ganxorcielebisas danaSaulis SemadgenlobiT gaTvaliswinebuli SedegisdadgomaSi.3. arapirdapiri ganzraxva (bedingter Vorzatz – dolus eventualis) gulisxmobs imas,rom moqmedi piri seriozulad aRiqvams Semadgenlobis Sesabamisi Sedegis dadgomisalbaTobas da egueba mas.rac Seexeba gaufrTxileblobas, aq erTmaneTisgan asxvaveben Secnobil da SeucnobelgaufrTxileblobas (bewuste und unbewuste Fahrlassigkeit). Secnobili gaufrTxileblobisdros pirs gacnobierebuli aqvs kanoniT daculi obieqtis dazianebis safrTxe, magramsafrTxis araswori Sefasebis an sakuTari Zalebis gadaWarbebuli ndobis, an sakuTariiRbalis gamo varaudobs mis Tavidan acilebas. rac Seexeba Seucnobil gaufrTxileblobas,am SemTxvevaSi‚ windaxedulebis normis darRvevis gamo‚ piri ar acnobierebs danaSaulisSemadgenlobis ganxorcielebis safrTxes 5 .maSasadame, rogorc eventualuri ganzraxvis, aseve‚ Secnobili gaufrTxileblobisdros pirs gacnobierebuli aqvs sazogadoebrivad saSiSi Sedegis dadgomis safrTxe.maS raSi mdgomareobs gansxvaveba maT Soris? germanul literaturaSi arsebobsmravali Teoria, romlebic eventualur ganzraxvas Secnobili gaufrTxileblobisganganasxvavebs, zogierTi avtori aT maTgansac ki moixseniebs. profesori hans hainrixieSeki erTmaneTisgan gamoyofs sam ZiriTad Teorias:a. albaTobis Teoriis mixedviT‚ bralis formas gansazRvravs piris arsebuli mavneSedegis dadgomis‚ albaTobis xarisxi (Grade der Wahrscheinlichkeit). am TeoriismowinaaRmdegeebi Tvlian, rom misi gaziarebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebeli xdeba zRvarisgavleba eventualur ganzraxvasa da Secnobil gaufrTxileblobas Soris, vinaidanSesaZlebelia albaTobis maRali xarisxis drosac piri SeiZleba imedovnebdes SedegisTavidan acilebas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mavne Sedegis dadgomis albaTobis yvela SemTxvevasmovaqcevT eventualur ganzraxvaSi, an mTlianad gadavitanT gaufrTxileblobaSi‚maSin winaaRmdegobaSi movalT samarTlianobis grZnobasTan da sasamarTlo praqtikasTan.am SemTxvevaSi usamarTlod da dausabuTeblad gafarToveba ganzraxvis angaufrTxileblobis sfero 6 .b. Tanxmobis Teoriis (Einwilligungstheorie) mixedviT, moqmedi piri egueba mavneSedegis dadgomas, anu is imoqmedebda `im SemTxvevaSic, Tu ecodineboda‚ rom Sedegisdadgoma gardauvalia”. am Teoriis mowinaaRmdegeTa azriT, is metad zRudavs eventualuriganzraxvis sferos, axdens moqmedi piris da ara qmedebis Sefasebas. es Teoriaeventualuri ganzraxvis sferodan gamoricxavs im SemTxvevebs, roca piris mierdasaxuli mizani da savaraudo mavne Sedegi erTmaneTs gamoricxavs 7 .g. grZnobis Teoriis (Gefuhltheorie) mixedviT, eventualuri ganzraxva arsebobsmaSin, roca piri gulgrilia danaSaulebrivi Sedegis dadgomisadmi. ieSeki miiCnevs‚5Hans Heinrich Jescheck ”Lehburch des Strafrechts” (Duncker und Humblot/Berlin). gv. 460.6iqve.7iqve ieSeks magaliTad mohyavs is SemTxveva, rodesac cudi msroleli sanaZleos debs‚ rom meorepirs xelidan gaagdebinebs SuSis sferos, magram sferos nacvlad tyvia adamians xvdeba. amSemTxvevaSi Tanxmobis Teoriis formulis mixedviT, eventualuri ganzraxva gamoricxulia,vinaidan msrolelis mizani niZlavis mogebaa, rac gamoricxavs mis Tanxmobas sxeulis dazianebaze.36
marTlmsajuleba, 2008, #3rom gulgriloba mxolod safuZvlad udevs moqmedi piris gadawyvetilebas. ganzraxvasada gaufrTxileblobas Soris gansxvaveba efuZneba imas, Seaqvs Tu ara pirs arasasurveliSedegis dadgoma Tavisi gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebSi. 8dResdReobiT germaniis uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtikiT eventualuri ganzraxvadmiCneulia iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac piri iTvaliswinebs mavne Sedegis dadgomisSesaZleblobas (kognitiuri elementi) da egueba mis dadgomas (nebelobiTi elementi) 9 .eventualuri ganzraxvisa da cnobieri gaufrTxileblobis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnisSesaxeb germanul midgomas iziareben dasavleT evropis mTeli rigi qveynebi -italia, espaneTi, niderlandebi, Sveicaria, portugalia, Tumca maT Soris eventualuriganzraxvis sakanonmdeblo definicias mxolod portugalia icnobs 10 , danarCeni qveynebSiki bralis formebi ganmartebulia sasamarTlo praqtikiT an doqtrinaluri wesiT 11unda iTqvas, rom zemoT CamoTvlili zogierTi qveyana cdilobs eventualurganzraxvasa da gaufrTxileblobas Soris gansxvaveba nebelobiT momentTan erTadkognitiuri elementSic (albaTobis xarisxi) ipovos. magaliTad, niderlandebissasamarTlo praqtikiT eventualuri ganzraxvis dros piri egueba Sedegis dadgomis`mniSvnelovan risks”. Sveicariis sasamarTlo praqtikiT eventualur ganzraxva arsebobsmaSin, rodesac `subieqtis mier Secnobili mavne Sedegis dadgomis albaToba imdenadmaRalia, rom misi qmedeba sxvagvarad ver ganimarteba, Tu ara am Sedegze misiTanxmoba”. albaTobis analogiurad maRal xarisxs iTxovs espanuri sisxlissamarTlebrivi doqtrina eventualuri ganzraxvis dadgenisas 12 .Cven mokled mimovixileT samarTlebrivi sistemebis is jgufi, romlebic Cvens miermoyvanil meore kazuss akvalificireben eventualur ganzraxvad an gaufrTxileblobadimis mixedviT Tu rogoria subieqturi mxaris voluntatiuri an kognitiuri elementi.samarTlebrivi sistemebis meore jgufs miekuTvnebian is qveynebi, romlebic mavneSedegis dadgomis albaTobas (Sedegis gamowvevis survilis ar arsebobisas)gaufrTxileblobad akvalificireben. maT Soris wamyvani adgili safrangeTs uWiravs.safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi arc ganzraxvis, arc gaufrTxileblobisdefiniciebs ar iZleva. Tumca, samarTlis Teoria erTmaneTisgan mkafiod asxvavebsganzraxvas da gaufrTxileblobas da maT moixseniebs sxvadasxva terminebiT – dolda faute.8iqve, gv. 243. eventualuri ganzraxvisa da gaufrTxileblobis gamijvnis germanuli Teoriebisufro detaluri mimoxilva ix. m. turava, `sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva~‚Tbilisi, 2008‚ gv. 141-1449Jean Pradel, Alberto Cadoppi “Droit Penal Général Comparé” (editions CUJAS 2005)10portugaliis sissxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-14 muxli adgens :`1. ganzrax moqmedebs is, vinc miznad isaxavs‚ Caidinos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebriviqmedeba.2. ganzrax moqmedebs aseve is, vinc iTvaliswinebs rom mis qmedebas aucileblad Sedegad mohyvebakanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba3. ganzrax moqmedebs is, visac Secnobili aqvs‚ rom mis qmedebas SesaZlebelia mohyves kanoniTgaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba da eTanxmeba mas”.http://www.verbojuridico.net/download/portuguesepenalcode.pdf11ix. Jean radel, SeniSvna 9.12iqve. gv. 135, 151.37
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