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doqtoranta forumida maT Soris, pirvel rigSi, gayidva da gaqiraveba iyo nagulisxmevi 37 . amave droskanoni specialuri debulebis saxiT calke aregulirebda kompiuteruli programisgavrcelebis uflebas 38 . es debuleba iyo gadmotanili evropis direqtividan 39 . masSiaseve integrirebuli iyo debuleba gavrcelebis uflebis amowurvis Sesaxeb da iyominiSneba kompiuteruli programis gaqiravebis uflebis gansakuTrebul statusze(gaqiravebis uflebis amowurvis da gaqiravebis uflebis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT). kanonSiSetanili cvlilebis Sedegad gavrcelebis uflebis farglebi `Seviwrovebul~ iqnanawarmoebis gaqiravebis (an mflobelobis sxva saxiT gadacemis) uflebis gamocalkevebisxarjze 40 . rac Seexeba kompiuteruli programis gavrcelebis uflebas, igi amjamad,sxva literaturuli nawarmoebis msgavsad, zogadi debulebis safuZvelze regulirdebada gulisxmobs nebismieri formiT gamosaxuli programis originalis (an misi aslebis)mxolod gavrcelebas, kerZod, gayidvis, an sakuTrebis sxva formiT gadacemis gziT.rogorc wesi, gavrcelebis uflebis gadacema xdeba salicenzio xelSekrulebissafuZvelze reproducirebis uflebasTan erTad. gamoqveynebis xelSekrulebebi tipuriaam uflebaTa gadasacemad 41 . gavrcelebis ufleba, msgavsad reproducirebis uflebisa,advilad kontrolirebadi uflebaa da xelSekrulebaSi maTi gansazRvra metadmniSvnelovania 42 . kompiuteruli programis SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, ar ganasxvavebenprogramis originalsa da asls. programis gamomcemels SeuZlia identuri programebi(programebis aslebi) SesTavazos momxmarebels gansxvavebul fasad. mas survilisamebrSeuZlia daadginos specialuri fasdakleba kompiuterul saswavlo dizainerulprogramebze rogorc saswavlo egzemplarebze, romlebic studentebisaTvis arisgankuTvnili. Sesabamisad, am programis aslis gavrcelebis licenzia SezRudavs misgamoyenebas mxolod sasawavlo miznebisaTvis.programuli uzrunvelyofis damamzadeblebi, rogorc wesi, programis momxmareblebssTavazoben SesaZenad CD-ROM-ze damzadebul programebis aslebs dadgenili fasis37„saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb“ 1999 wlis 22 ivnisis kanoni #2112 (<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>sakanonmdeblo macne, 1999, # 28 (35)) cvlilebebiT da damatebebiT (09.09.1999 #2388,05.12.2000 #651, 10.10.2002 # 1693-Is) me-18 muxlis me-2 punqtis „b“ qvepunqti.38kanonis me-19 muxlis 1-li punqtis „g“ qvepunqti.39evropis direqtivis me-4 muxlis „g“ punqtis Tanaxmad, gansakuTrebul uflebebs miekuTvneba„....nebismieri formiT sazogadoebisaTvis kompiuteruli programis an misi aslebis gavrceleba,gaqiravebis CaTvliT. evrokavSiris sivrceSi programis aslis pirveli gayidva uflebaTamflobelismier, an misi TanxmobiT, amowuravs am aslis gavrcelebis uflebas gaerTianebis farglebSi,programis an misi aslis Semdgom gaqiravebaze kontrolis gawevis uflebis gamoklebiT”.40kanonis me-18.2 muxlis „b“ punqtis safuZvelze; programuli uzrunvelyofis avtoris piradiaraqonebrivi (moraluri) ufleba aisaxeba gavrcelebis uflebaSi, radgan TiToeuli SemoqmediTavisufalia, gansazRvros _ amyofos Tu ara brunvaSi Tavisi inteleqtualuri sakuTreba,miuxedavad imisa, igi komerciul Tu pirad miznebs emsaxureba.41gamoqveynebis xelSekrulebis safuZvelze avtori gadascems gamomcemels Tavisi nawarmoebisreproducerebisa da gavrcelebis uflebebs, xolo gamomcemeli, Tavis mxriv, iRebs valdebulebasSeasrulos es qmedebebi da gadauxados avtors Sepirebuli gasamrjelo (honorari).42metad mniSvnelovania sanqciebis gaTvaliswineba damrRvevis mimarT Warbi (arakontrolirebadian maluli) raodenobis aslebis warmoebasa da gavrcelebisas, radgan xelSekrulebis SewyvetisSesaZlebloba SeiZleba ar arsebobdes.60
marTlmsajuleba, 2008, #3gadaxdis sanacvlod. amasTan, sakuTrebis uflebis gadacemis yvelaze gavrcelebulformad am SemTxvevaSi e. w. „SemfuTavi licenzia” gvevlineba 43 . garkveuli xnisganmavlobaSi am saxis xelSekrulebis marTebuloba evropaSi kiTxvebs badebda, kerZodki is, Tu ramdenad Seefardeboda igi standartul nasyidobis xelSekrulebas(Kaufvertrag); konkretulad ras gulisxmobs „gayidva” da programebis gavrcelebises forma Tu amowuravs gavrcelebis uflebas. 80-ian wlebSi germaniis umaRlesisasamarTlos mier miRebuli sami gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze aRiarebul iqna, romprogramuli uzrunvelyofis gatana bazarze xdeba nasyidobis xelSekrulebis saxiT,miuxedavad imisa, rom am xelSekrulebaze datanilia aRniSvna „licenzia” 44 . amisSemdgom, maleve, niunbergis sasamarTlos gadawvetilebis safuZvelze salicenzioxelSekrulebaSi programuli uzrunvelyofis Semdgom gayidvaze Setanili yovelgvariamkrZalavi pirobebi iqna miCneuli baTilad da, amrigad, gavrcelebis uflebis amowurvisdoqtrina gavrcelda salicenzio xelSekrulebis safuZvelze gavrcelebuli programebismimarTac 45 . programis aslis sruli gadacema xdeba da uflebaTamflobelis gavrcelebisufleba gayidul aslebze iwureba maSinac, rodesac kompiuteruli programis gadacemisxelSekrulebaSi ar aris Setanili programis gamoyenebis vadis SemzRudveli piroba.am dros, Sesabamisad, verc saavtoro uflebis mflobeli gaakontrolebs amgvaradgayiduli programuli produqtis Semdgom gavrcelebas, Tugind amis TaobazexelSekrulebaSi Setanili iyos aRniSvna. 46 im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xelSekrulebaSiaisaxeba programis gamoyenebis vadebi, es aris ara nasyidobis, aramed qiravnobisxelSekruleba (Meitvertrag) 47 .43Shrink-wrap license – salicencio xelSekruleba, romelzec datanilia programuli produqtisfuTis garekanze da Seicavs CamonaTvalis saxiT xelSekrulebis tipiur pirobebs _ programismyidvelis uflebebi da movaleobebi da, agreTve, programis gamomcemlis pasuximgeblobissazRvrebi. rogorc wesia, misi gacnoba xdeba SemfuTavi garekanis gaxsnis mere. masiur-samomxmareblobazarze programis momxmareblebisaTvis gankuTvnili gasayidad produqtis SemoTavazeba verxerxdeboda tradiciuli nasyidobis xelSekrulebis gamoyenebis safuZvelze. xSir SemTxvevaSilicenzia aris dawerili inglisur enaze.44Judgement of 18 October 1989 (VIII ZR 325/88), Computer und Recht 1990, p. 24 – Juristenzeitung 1990, p.236 ; Judgement of 4 November 1987 (VIII ZR 314/86), BGHZ 102,135- Juristenzeitung 1988, p. 460 (withcomment of Junker) ; Judgement of 2 May 1985 (IZB 87/84), Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht1985, p 1055. am gadawyvetilebebze miTiTeba gakeTebulia International Computer Law, CopyrightProtection System, Lexis Nexis Vol.I Part III, Chapter 7, August 2003, §7.20[E], p. 7-88; §7.23, p. 7-121.45Oberlandesgericht Nurnberg, Judgement of 20 June 1989, (3 U 1342/88), Neue Juristische Wohenschrift1989, p. 2634 – Computer und Recht 1990, p. 118. am gadawyvetilebaze miTiTeba gakeTebulia InternationalComputer Law, Copyright Protection System, Lexis Nexis 2003, §7.23, p. 7-121.46gavrcelebis uflebis amowurvis Taobaze ix. 2003 w. 3 oqtombris fineTis umaRlesi sasamarTlosgadawyvetileba,saqme # KKO 2003:88; R 2001/192, 1090- 1092, IIC Vol.35 (2004) (ingl.).47 Decition of District Court of Cologne on 25 October 1995 – 20 S 9/95, CR 1996, 154, romelic iyo gamyarebuligadawyvetilebiT German Federal High Court of Justuce on 15 November 2006 – XII ZR 120/04, NSW BGB§ 535. programuli uzrunvelyofis xelSekrulebebis Taobaze ix. James M. Kunick, Andrea Patzak, Issue toConsider When Licensing Us Software in Germany, Computer Law Review International (CRi), Issue 1, 15February 2007, p. 3, 4.61
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