leqcia 1evrokavSiris istoriuli ganviTarebamokle aRwera: integraciis dasawyisi; Sumanis gegma; 50-<strong>iani</strong> wlebi daintegraciuli procesebi; didi britaneTis damokidebuleba evrogaerTianebebismimarT; 60-<strong>iani</strong> wlebi da golisturi politika evropaSi; carieli skamis krizisida luqsemburgis kompromisi; 70-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> stagnacia; evrogaerTianebebispirveli gafarToebebi; <strong>80</strong>-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> <strong>dinamika</strong>; evropuli institutebisgaZliereba; axali xelSekrulebebi; 90-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> gafarToebebi; amsterdamisxelSekruleba.evropuli integraciis sawyisad SeiZleba CaiTvalos 1950 weli, rodesacsafrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma robert Sumanma wamoayena idea gaerTianebuliyodasavleT evropis naxSiris da foladis sabadoebi. Sedegad, 1951 welsSeiqmna evropis qvanaxSirisa da foladis gaerTianeba (Europeam Coal and SteelCommunity), romelSic Sevida eqvsi saxelmwifo — belgia, dasavleT germania,luqsemburgi, safrangeTi, italia da niderlandebi. gadawyda, rom Seqmniliyodamoukidebeli supraerovnuli (zeerovnuli) organo, e.w. “umaRlesi xelisufleba”(High Authority), romelic ganagebda am qveynebSi naxSirisa da foladiswarmoebasTan da realizaciasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. umaRlesi xelisuflebispirvel prezidentad dainiSna Jan mone. 1953 wels Seiqmna rkinis, naxSiris,madneulis da jarTis saerTo bazari; imave wels, cota mogvianebiT, Seiqmnafoladis saerTo bazaric.ori wlis Semdeg, italiis qalaq mesinaSi eqvsi qveynis sagareo saqmeTaministrebi SeTanxmdnen, rom ganegrZoT integraciis procesi (cnobilia mesinisiniciativis saxeliT). Seiqmna samTavrobaTaSoriso komiteti, romelmac moamzadasafuZveli xelSekrulebisaTvis, romelic 1957 wels gaformda da 1958 welsSevida ZalaSi. es xelSekruleba cnobilia romis xelSekrulebis saxeliT. mesinisiniciativa warmoadgenda im dros evropaSi, kerZod ki, evropuli gaerTianebebisSemqmnel eqvs qveyanaSi arsebuli damokidebulebis naTel gamovlinebas. am drosevropaSi gavrcelebuli iyo e.w. neofunqcionalisturi TvalTaxedva, racgulisxmobda rwmenas imisa, rom evropuli integraciis procesi kidev ufro undagaRrmavebuliyo. neofunqcionalizmis Teoria efuZneba e.w. “gadaRvris” (Spillover)ideas, rac gulisxmobda imas, rom integraciis procesebi erT romelime sferoSi(foladi, naxSiri) gamoiwvevda integraciis procesebis dawyebas (gadaRvras) sxvasferoebSi (saerTo bazari, sabaJo tarifebis Semcireba, saerTo soflismeurneoba da a.S.). Jan mones da mis mimdevrebs aseve sjerodaT, rom ekonomikuriintegracia sawindari iyo momavali politikuri integraciisa, risi miRwevisSemTxvevaSic gamoiricxeboda evropis kontinetze momavali sisxlisRvra daomebi.Sumanis gegmis umTavresi mizanic swored evropaSi omebis Tavidan acilebaiyo. supraerovnuli organizaciisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi resursebis — naxSirisda foladis Cabareba emsaxureboda erT mizans — uzrunvelyofili yofiliyogermaniis da safrangeTis mSvidob<strong>iani</strong> Tanacxovreba da gaRrmavebuliyo am oriqveynis ekonomikuri da SemdgomSi politikuri urTierTdamokidebuleba.amgvari idealuri damokidebuleba 50-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> dasawyisSi ar iqnagaziarebuli did britaneTSi. gaerTianebul samefoSi 50-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> bolomdesjerodaT, rom evropis gaerTianeba utopiuri idea iyo, amitom eqvsi qveynisiniciativas didi britaneTi ar SeuerTda. sxvaTa Soris, didi britaneTis mxridanTavis Sekaveba sakmaod did uaryofiT muxts aZlevda evropis gaerTianebis ideasda sababs iZleoda skeptikurad Segvexeda Sumanisa da mones iniciativebisaTvis.aRsaniSnavia, rom pol henri spaaki, romelic romis xelSekrulebis (1958 wlisxelSekruleba, romelmac Secvala 1951 wels parizSi xelmowerili sawyisi xel-Sekruleba) mosamzadebel samTavrobaTaSoriso komisias xelmZRvanelobda gadadgaevrosabWos konsultaciuri asambleis prezidentobidan didi britaneTisgulgrilobisadmi protestis niSnad.miuxedavad idealisturi miznebisa, Sumanis gegmaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo4
integraciis procesebze da eqvsi qveynis erovnul interesebze kontrolisSenarCunebis meqanizmi — e.w. ministrTa sabWos saxiT. ministrTa sabWo Seiqmna immizniT, rom ar momxdariyo safrangeTis da germaniis saxelmwifoebis interesTaSelaxva konfliqturi sakiTxis wamoWris SemTxvevaSi. sabWos mTavar funqciaderT<strong>iani</strong> bazris Camoyalibebis mizniT maRal avtoritetTan TanamSmromlobarCeboda. Sedegad unda momxdariyo naxSiris, koqsis da foladis warmoebaminimalur fasebSi da maTi mitana maRali moxmarebis obieqtebSi yovelgvarisavaWro barierebis gareSe. eqvsi saxelmwifos mTavrobebs unda uzrunveleyoT amprocesebis Seuferxebeli mimdinareoba da erovnuli kanonmdeblobebis Secvlaise, rom diskriminaciuli xasiaTis savaWro barierebs xeli ar SeeSalaTintegraciuli procesebisaTvis. saxelmwifoebs aseve aekrZalaT integraciissferoSi moqmedi saxelmwifo, Tu sxva sawarmoebisaTvis subsidiebis micema. yvelaSemTxvevaSi maregulirebel da gadawyvetilebis mimReb mTavar organod iTvlebodaumaRlesi xelisufleba. masve hqonda ufleba gamoeZia im kerZokompaniebis saqmianoba, romlebic moqmedebdnen bazarze da xels uSlidnenintegraciis process.aqve unda SevexoT britaneTis mTavrobis skeptikur damokidebulebas Sumanisgegmisadmi. amgvar damokidebulebas ramdenime mizezi gaaCnda, rac kargad arisaRwerili saimon berjesis statiaSi. integraciis ideis arapopularobis mizezebadSegviZlia miviCnioT, rogorc britaneTis mTavrobis maSindeli mouqnelistruqtura, ise britaneTis mTavrobis sifrTxile axali iniciativis mimarT.garda amisa berjesi yuradRebas amaxvilebs evropis sakiTxebis araprioritetulobazebritaneTis sagareo saqmeTa dRis wesrigSi da britaneTissurvilze ar gamxdariyo wevri iseTi organizaciuli struqturisa, romelicmiiCneoda euTos (maSin - evropis usafrTxoebisa da TanamSmromlobis konferencia)da evrosabWos fuqnciebis madublirebel organizaciad. garda amisabritaneTis politikurma kulturam, romelic metwilad efuZneba erovnulsuverenitets mniSvnelovnad ganapiroba britanel politikosebSi axali saxisevropis Camoyalibebis mimarT mkveTrad uaryofiTi damokidebuleba. aqveaRsaniSnavia, rom safrangeTis mTavrobas didad ar anaRvlebda britanelebisskeptikuri damokidebuleba. amis naTeli magaliTia 1950 wels britanelebisaTvisgadawyvetilebis miRebamde ramdenime saaTiT adre gagzavnili Setyobineba“umaRlesi xelisuflebis” Seqmnis Sesaxeb.umaRlesi xelisufleba Tavdapirvelad Zalzed mcire raodenobis personaliTiyo dakompleqtebuli, Sesabamisad aucilebeli iyo misi efeqtianobisgasazdrelad erovnul mTavrobebTan mWidro urTierTobebis SenarCuneba. yvelaferigakeTda imisaTvis, rom umaRlesi xelisufleba ar gamxdariyo kerZostruqtura da ar moexdina foladisa da naxSiris import-eqsportiori sxvakerZo struqturebis Canacvleba. didi iyo survili imisa, rom Seqmniliyomaregulirebeli organo, romelic safuZvels daudebda Tavisufal konkurencias,rac, Tavis mxriv, gamoricxavda trestebis da monopoliuri praqtikebisCamoyalibebas da xels Seuwyobda ekonomikur winsvlas.paraleluri procesi, romelic daiwyo 50-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> dasawyisSi da ufrogamZafrda koreis omis msvlelobasTan erTad, iyo debatebi germaniisremilitarizaciis Sesaxeb. iseve rogorc, Sumani da mone miiltvodnen germaniisreindustrializaciisaken, safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri plevenimiiswrafoda germaniis xelaxla SeiaraRebisaken. Sumanis gegmam da naxSirisa dafoladis gaerTianebis Seqmnam safuZveli daudo axal ideas — evropis TavdacvisgaerTianebis Seqmnas. evropuli Tavdacvis gaerTianeba Seiqmna 1952 welsxangrZlivi molaparakebebis Semdeg, rodesac parizSi xeli moewera damfuZnebelxelSekrulebas. am xelSekrulebis xelmoweram safuZveli daudo axali imedebisaRmocenebas evropuli federalizmis da momdevno integraciis gaRrmavebisSesaxeb. daiwyo politikuri kavSiris mosamzadebel xelSekrulebaze muSaoba,romelic iTvaliswinebda sagareo urTierTobebis, ekonomikuri da monetarulipolitikis koordinacias da gaerTianebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom am xelSekrulebismoweris SemTxvevaSi miviRebdiT ufro metad integrirebul evropas, vidre esmiviReT 1991 wels maastrixtSi mowerili xelSekrulebis Semdeg.evropuli Tavdacvis gaerTianebis Seqmnis iniciativa male daviwyebas mieca.5
- Page 6: am process xeli Seuwyo 1954 wels go
- Page 9 and 10: axali mwarmoebelis gamoCenis Sedega
- Page 11 and 12: miRebis procesi TiTqmis ori weli ga
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- Page 20 and 21: Sekaveba ar unda iyos mizezi, rac x
- Page 22 and 23: cxrili I. saqmis warmoeba sabWoSimi
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- Page 45 and 46: politikis reformaze. SevexoT or ase
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komisari, gamoaqveyna moxseneba, sa
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Sedgenis ZaliT. SemoRebuli iqna daf
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1993 wlis reformis debulebebikoncen
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leqcia 8marTlmsajuleba da saSinao s
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protestSi (1983-84 zamTari), romels
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ogorc wesi, samuSao jgufebi Sedgeba
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leqcia 9evropis sagareo da usafrTxo
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parlamentma unda moawyos yovelwliur
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sent maloSive safrangeTma da britan
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“regularulad informirebuli” ssu
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mZRvanelon operaciebs, romelic Cata
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leqcia 10saqarTvelos da evrokavSiri
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saqarTvelosaTvis da ramdenad wingad
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asociaciis damyarebas. am gamokvlev
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sabWosa da evropis parlamentSi, ras
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aris kidev erTi sayuradRebo faqtori
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Sergi KapanadzeEUROPEAN UNION POLIT
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3) European CommissionIn this chapt
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Then we talk about the reform of th
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Then we discuss articles K1-K9 of t
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In the end we take a look at the st