zogadad aRiqmeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom evroskeptikosebi sakmaod aqtiurebi arianevropul arenaze, maT Soris arian evroparlamentSic. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom JakSiraki, romelic dRes erT-erT yvelaze proevropeistul politikosad iTvleba,1979 wels gamousworebel evroskeptikosad miiCneoda. amaze metyvelebs 1979wels mis mier gamoqveynebuli pampfleti — “koSenis mowodeba”, sadac SirakmaxmamaRla ganacxada uari eupraerovnul evropaze, ekonomikur integraciasa dasafrangeTis saerTaSoriso imijis Selaxvaze, Jiskar d’estenis mTavrobas kiucxoelebis mTavroba uwoda.problemebi, romelTa winaSec evropuli gaerTianebebi aRmoCnda 70-ianwlebSi gansxvavdeboda 60-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> problemebisagan, rodesac integraciisprocesi ZiriTadad ferxdeboda Sarl de golis politikis gamo. amjerad evropisqveynebi aRmoCndnen cvalebadi saerTaSoriso garemos da civi omis daZabuli<strong>wlebis</strong> msxverpli. am <strong>wlebis</strong> ganmavlobaSi evropis ekonomikuri gaerTianebebismdgradoba da gadarCena metwilad ganapiroba safrangeTis da germaniismeTaurebis valeri Jiskar d’estenis da helmut Smidtis piradma megobrobam dakargma urTierTobebma (cnobilia, rogorc parizi-bonis RerZi). miuxedavad aseTiurTierTobebisa, am orma adamianma bevri veraferi gaakeTa evropis ekonomikurigaerTianebebis gasaZliereblad. 70-ian wlebSi naTlad warmoCinda, romevrokomisia evropis ekonomikuri gaerTianebebis erT-erTi yvelaze sustirgoli iyo. 1975 wlidan ukve regularulad iwyeba evropuli sabWos Sexvedrebi,sadac yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi ganixileba saxelmwifos meTaurTadoneze. Sesabamisad Sesustda evrokomisiis da parlamentis roli. am oriinstitutis gamococxleba mxolod 1979 wels moxda, rodesac pirveladistoriaSi dainiSna evroparlamentis pirdapiri arCevnebi da rodesacevrokomisiam SeZlo gaetana evropis savaluto sistemis Seqmnis idea.1975 wels evropis ekonomikuri gaerTianebebi krizisis winaSe dadga, masSemdeg, rac didma britaneTma moiTxova molaparakebebis Tavidan dawyeba dagawevrianebis xelSekrulebis gadaxedva. 1975 wlis ivnisSi did britaneTSiCatarda referendumi, gaegrZlebina Tu ara did britaneTs Tavisi wevrobagaerTianebebSi, sadac 67.2 procentma mxari dauWira britaneTis darCenasevrogaerTianebaSi.1977 wels evropuli komisiis prezidenti gaxda roi jenkinsi, romelmac Semoitanaevropis savaluto sistemis idea. msgavsi proeqti 1972 wels damuSavebuliiqna pompidus mier, magram misi implementacia ver moxerxda 70-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> SuaSidawyebuli navTobkrizsis gamo. evropis savaluto kavSiris mardasaWerad roijenkinsma gadmoibira safrangeTis prezidenti Jiskar d’esteni da helmutSmidti, Tumca ver moaxerxa britaneTis premieris jeims kalahanis gadmobireba.miuxedavad amisa, evropis savaluto kavSiri ZalaSi Sevida 1979 wlidan da misiganviTareba daigegma safexurebis mixedviT. aRsaniSnavia, rom am proeqtis mesamesafexuri, rac erTian valutaze gadasvlas isaxavda miznad ZalaSi Sevida 1999wels, rodesac evrozonis teritoriaze erovnuli valutebi evroTi Seicvala.amave periodSi moxda evropis ekonomikuri gaerTianebebis gafarToeba axalwevr saxelmwifoebze. saberZneTma, romelTanac 1969-74 wlebSi evropasurTierTobebi gayinuli hqonda, moaxerxa demokratiis aRdgena qveyanaSi dapirveli oficialuri ganacxadic maleve Seitana evrokavSiris wevrobaze.evrokomisiam Tavdapirvelad uari ganacxada saberZneTis miRebaze, radgansaberZneTi veranair ekonomikur kriteriums ver akmayofilebda. miuxedavadamisa, ministrTa sabWo da evropuli sabWo mxars uWerdnen saberZneTisgaerTianebebSi miRebas politikuri mosazrebebis gamo, raTa ar momxdariyoaRorZinebuli demokratiis dakargva da qveyanaSi komunizmis gavrceleba.amasTan, saberZneTis Sesvla gaerTianebebSi daemTxva espaneTis da portugaliismiswrafebebsac moexdinaT ufro mWidro integracia evropul gaerTianebasTan.espaneTic da portugaliac, saberZneTis msgavsad samxedro diqtaturisaganaxlad gaTavisuflebuli qveynebi iyvnen, amitom evropuli saxelmwifoebi arCqarobdnen maTTvis uaris Tqmas. aRsaniSnavia, rom saberZneTma umal moaxdinaTavisi miswrafebebis Sors daWera espaneTis da portugaliis interesebisagan,radgan safrangeTi eWvis TvaliT uyurebda espaneTis gawevrianebis perspeqtivas,imis gamo, rom safrTxe eqmneboda safrangeTis agrarul produqcias bazarze8
axali mwarmoebelis gamoCenis Sedegad.meore mniSvnelovani movlena, romliTac 70-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> bolo aRiniSna, iyoevroparlamentis arCeviTobis SemoReba. miuxedavad imisa, rom romis xelSekrulebaiTvaliswinebda asambleis wevrebis arCeviTobas, wevri saxelmwifoebi amjobinebdnenTavad waregzavnaT parlamentarebi evropul forumSi. Tumca, 1974wels parizis dadgenilebis Semdeg, romelmac evropuli sabWos institucionalizaciamoaxdina, miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba, rom sabolood daeSvaTparlamentarebis arCeviToba, raTa ar dakarguliyo balansi evropis ekonomikurgaerTianebebs SigniT. aRsaniSnavia, rom safrangeTi da didi britaneTi parlamentarebiswargzavnis momxre iyvnen, xolo eeg-is mcire wevri-saxelmwifoebisumravlesoba, maT Soris italiac, mxars uWerda evroparlamentarebis arCeviTobas.amave pozicias iziarebda evrokomisiac, romelsac surda parlamentissaxiT axali partniori SeeZina ministrTa sabWos winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. saboloodpirveli arCvenebi 1979 wels Catarda da safuZveli daedo axali parlamentarizmisaRmocenebas evropul gaerTianebebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom arCeviTobis pirveliSedegebi umalve TvalnaTeli ar gamxdara, Tumca parlamentis gazrdili roliaSkara gaxda erT<strong>iani</strong> evropuli aqtis da evrokavSiris damfuZnebeli maastrixtisxelSekrulebis miRebis Semdeg.kidev erTi problema, romelic 70-ani da <strong>80</strong>-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> mijnaze warmoiSvadakavSirebuli iyo didi britaneTis mier evropis ekonomikuri gaerTianebebisbiujetSi gadaxdil uzarmazar TanxebTan. margaret teTCeri premier-ministradgaxdomis pirvelive dRidan ewinaaRmdegeboda britaneTis mier Tanxebis amgvarflangvas, radgan faqti iyo, rom didi britaneTi germaniasTan erTad evropuligaerTianebebis biujetis yvelaze didi Semavsebli iyo, ukan ki Tanxebis mxolodmcire nawils iRebda. teTCeris moTxovna mieRwiaT axali sabiujetoSeTanxmebisaTvis yvelasaTvis gasagebi iyo, Tumca teTCeris moTxovnis manera dadiplomatiis warmoebis Taviseburi xerxebi anelebda kompromisis miRwevas.sabolood, 19<strong>80</strong> wels evropis saxelmwifoebis liderebma miaRwies kompromisulSeTanxmebas, Tumca misi amowurvis Semdeg 1983 wels problemam xelaxalisiZlieriT iCina Tavi. <strong>80</strong>-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> dasawyisSi ramdenime samitis CaSlamdaarwmuna evropis mTavrobebi, rom britaneTis interesebi undadaekmayofilebinaT. 1984 wels fontenbluSi miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba, romlicmixedviTac didi britaneTis finansuri kontribucia evropuli gaerTianebebisbiujetSi sagrZnoblad Semcirda (didma britaneTma dazoga 10 miliard girvanqasterlingze meti 1984-1990 wlebSi). amasTan, britaneTis sabiujeto interesebisdakmayofilebam gza gauxsna axal iniciativebs, maT Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovans— erT<strong>iani</strong> bazris Seqmnas.1979 wels evroparlamentis arCevnebis Catarebam warmoSva SesaZleblobaevropuli gaerTianebebis momavali reformirebisaTvis. evroparlamentisfunqciebis gafarToeba mWidrod ukavSirdeba altiero spinelis saxels. spineli,romelic 1970 wels italiis mier komisiaSi iqna mivlenili uecrad gadadga 1976wels da evropul parlamentSi arCia moRvaweobis gagrZeleba. spinelim 19<strong>80</strong> welsCamoayaliba e.w. niangis klubi, romelic miznad isaxavda evropis gaerTianebebisgaZlierebas da parlamentis rolis gafarToebas. klubs saxeli ewodastrasburgSi arsebuli niangis restoranis gamo, sadac spineli da misiTanamoazreebi xvdebodnen 19<strong>80</strong> wels. spinelim miaRwia, rom evroparlamentSiSeqmniliyo institucionaluri sakiTxebis komiteti, sadac daiwyo evropisgaerTianebebisaTvis aqtualuri sakiTxebis wamoWra. 1983 wels am komitetmaSeimuSava evrokavSiris damfuZnebeli xelSekrulebis proeqti, romelsac undaSeecvala yvela sxva damfuZnebeli xelSekruleba. 1984 wlis TebervalSievroparlamentma miiRo es xelSekruleba 237 xmiT 31 is winaaRmdeg, 43TavSekavebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom cxadi iyo, rom wevri qveynebis mTavrobebiaraviTar SemTxvevaSi ar daamtkicebdnen am proeqts, evroparlamentma aCvenaTavisi Zala da daumtkica skeptikosebs, rom igi evropuli integraciis momxre daerT-erTi mamoZravebeli Zala iyo.19<strong>80</strong>-<strong>iani</strong> <strong>wlebis</strong> meore naxevarSi evropis Tanamegobrobam mniSvnelovanitransformacia ganicada. pirvel rigSi es dakavSirebuli iyo evropuli ekonomikurigaerTianebebis raodenobriv zrdasTan, anu masSi espaneTis da portugaliis9
- Page 4 and 5: leqcia 1evrokavSiris istoriuli ganv
- Page 6: am process xeli Seuwyo 1954 wels go
- Page 11 and 12: miRebis procesi TiTqmis ori weli ga
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- Page 15: mTavrobebi axdenen erTmaneTis saSin
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- Page 20 and 21: Sekaveba ar unda iyos mizezi, rac x
- Page 22 and 23: cxrili I. saqmis warmoeba sabWoSimi
- Page 26 and 27: gadawyvetilebis miRebis meqanizmebi
- Page 28 and 29: evrokomisiis aRmasrulebeli funqcieb
- Page 30 and 31: TvalsazrisiT da ara realurad dablok
- Page 32 and 33: The young women expressed concern a
- Page 34 and 35: - mas ar aqvs saboloo ufleba Tqvas
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- Page 40 and 41: SemoReba), Tumca amas didi gavlena
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- Page 45 and 46: politikis reformaze. SevexoT or ase
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- Page 49 and 50: omelic ZalaSi Sevida 1987 wels. ami
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1993 wlis reformis debulebebikoncen
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leqcia 8marTlmsajuleba da saSinao s
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protestSi (1983-84 zamTari), romels
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ogorc wesi, samuSao jgufebi Sedgeba
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leqcia 9evropis sagareo da usafrTxo
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parlamentma unda moawyos yovelwliur
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sent maloSive safrangeTma da britan
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“regularulad informirebuli” ssu
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mZRvanelon operaciebs, romelic Cata
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leqcia 10saqarTvelos da evrokavSiri
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saqarTvelosaTvis da ramdenad wingad
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asociaciis damyarebas. am gamokvlev
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sabWosa da evropis parlamentSi, ras
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aris kidev erTi sayuradRebo faqtori
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Sergi KapanadzeEUROPEAN UNION POLIT
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3) European CommissionIn this chapt
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Then we talk about the reform of th
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Then we discuss articles K1-K9 of t
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In the end we take a look at the st