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˙x = t − x 2 x(0) = a a ∈ R u(t, x) = U(t)X(x) −6 ˙ U(t, x) + 4U(t) ¨ X(x) + 3U(t)X(x) = 0 U(t)X(x) λ ∈ R − −6 ˙ U(t, x) + 3U(t) U(t) = 4 ¨ X(x) X(x) λ ∈ R 4 ¨ X(x) − λX(x) = 0 −6 ˙ U(t) + (3 + λ) U(t) = 0. X 4µ 2 −λ = 0 ∆ = 16λ λ > 0 µ1 = √ λ/2 µ2 = −µ1 Φ(c1, c2, x) = c1e µ1x + c2e µ2x d dx Φ(c1, c2, x) = c1µ1e µ1x + c2µ2e µ2x ˙ X(0) = d dx Φ(c1, c2, 0) = 0 c1µ1 + c2µ2 = 0 d dx Φ(c1, c2, x) = c1µ1(e µ1x − e µ2x ) µ1 = µ2 c1 = c2 = 0 λ = 0 X(x) X(x) = c0 + c1x c1 = 0 X0(x) = c0 λ = 0 λ < 0 X(x) ω = |λ|2 X(x) = c1 cos ωx + c2 sin ωx ˙ X(x) = ω(−c1 sin ωx + c2 cos ωx) 0 c2 = 0 π =: λ
ω = n ∈ Z ω λ < 0 λ −4n 2 λ λ0 = 0 X0(x) = c0 λn = −4n 2 n ∈ N \ {0} Xn(x) = cn cos nx U λn Un(t) = dne 3−4n2 6 an = cndn Un(t)Xn(x) un(t, x) = ane 3−4n2 6 t . t cos nx. ∞ u(0, x) = x(π − x) = a0 + an cos nx aj j > 1 x(π − x) [0, π] [−π, π 2π R a0 0 a0 = 1 2 2 π 0π x(π − x) dx = π2 6 . an = 2 π π(x − x π 0 2 ) cos nx dx = − 2(1 + (−1)n ) n2 . a2k = −1/k2 k ∈ N \ {0} u(t, x) = π2 6 et/2 ∞ e − 3−16k2 t 6 k2 cos(2kx) = e t/2 ⎛ ⎝ π2 6 − ∞ e −8k2 t 3 k2 ⎞ cos(2kx) ⎠ . k=1 1/k 2 n=1 k=1
Page 3 and 4:
R R n
Page 5:
2 × 2 SO(
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R a
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R F G R F G ¯ F ⊇ G
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R n x, y ∈ Rn x = (x1, ...
Page 17 and 18:
(X, τ) D ⊆ X X
Page 19 and 20:
f : D → R D ⊆ Rn γ : [
Page 21:
A =]0, +∞[×]0, +∞[ f : A →
Page 24 and 25:
lim (x,y)→(0,0) (x,y)=(0,0) |xy|
Page 26 and 27:
E E E f −1 ([1, +∞[)
Page 28 and 29:
s ↦→ 1 − e −s s ≥ 0 1
Page 30 and 31:
Fn : [0, +∞[→ R Fn(ρ) = 2n ρ
Page 33 and 34:
I =]a, b[ R {fn}n∈N fn : I
Page 35:
K [0, +∞[ R > 0 B(0, R) ⊇
Page 38 and 39:
an = 0 n = 2k an = 4/(πn2 ) n
Page 40 and 41:
5 1 18 = + 2 4 π2 ∞ n=0 ∞ n=0
Page 43 and 44:
g(x) := x(π−x) x ∈ [0, π]
Page 45 and 46:
X Y T : X → Y T ℓ >
Page 47 and 48:
X K E X a, b ∈ R f : E × [a
Page 49 and 50:
|f(x, y)| ≤ log(1 + 3y
Page 51 and 52:
(x, y) ∈ R 2 xy =
Page 53 and 54:
X, Y D ⊆ X f : D → Y u ∈
Page 55 and 56:
H A 2 × 2 λ 2
Page 57:
(2kπ, π/2+2hπ) (π+2kπ, 3π/2+2
Page 60 and 61:
∂xf(x, y, z) = −2 cos x sin x =
Page 62 and 63:
(0, 0) f : R 2 → R f(x, y) =
Page 65 and 66:
α ∈ R (0, 0) f(x, y) = 2
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Cα > 0 α /∈ [−1/2, −1/4]
Page 70 and 71:
x = cos θ y = sin θ θ ∈ [−π
Page 72 and 73:
γ(t) = (t, 1/t) t → ±∞ L(x
Page 74 and 75:
⎧ ⎪⎨ 1 + λ(2x − 2) = 0, 1
Page 76 and 77:
f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 V = {(x, y)
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⎧⎪ 2x + λ(2x + y) + 2µx = 0
Page 81 and 82:
R 2 D ⊆ R 2 f : D → R (x0,
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x = 1 y = −1 z = 2 y z
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⎛ 1 ⎜ 3 F (m1, m2, p1, p2) =
Page 88 and 89:
k = 3√ 4 ξ ζ
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x = ρ cos θ y = ρ sin θ ρ 2 (
Page 92 and 93:
f(x, y, z) = ez+x2 f + αx + y
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ϕ(1) = 0 ϕ ′ (1) = − ∂xf(1
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y 3 − xy 2 + x 2 y = x − x 3
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X = {(ρ, θ) ∈ R 2 : ρ > 0, 0 <
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arcsin sin θ = θ θ ∈] − π
Page 102 and 103:
I R r : I → Rd γ µ : r
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γ lunghezza(γ) = |r ′ (θ)|
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p = 2 |(x, y)| −p dx dy = R 2 \B
Page 108 and 109:
ρ 3 cos θ = aρ 2 (cos 2 θ − s
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Γ := {(x, y) ∈ R 2 : (x 2 + y 2
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x Γ Q2 Q3 x Γ \
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(x 2 + y 2 )(y 2 + x(x + 1)) = 4xy
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4 ±1, ±2, ±4 ±1, ±2 4
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−2 + 8t − 4t 2 t = 1/2(2
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a ∈ R R 2 (x 2 + y 2 ) 3 = 4
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(x 2 + y 2 ) 3 = 4x 2 y 2
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a > 0 x = at at2 , y = . 1
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cos(π − α) = − cos(α) π/4
Page 132 and 133:
I := F · ˆn dσ ˆn Σ =
Page 134 and 135:
S ψ(x, y) = (ψ1, ψ2, ψ3) = (
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C = {(x, y, z) : (x, y) ∈ D, λ <
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ˆn = ∇G = ((∇G)1, (∇G)2, (
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2π 0 cos θ sin θ dθ = 1 2 2π
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L − F · ˆn dσ = − L− √
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K ⊆ R n χK : R n → {0, 1}
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f [1, +∞[ [0, 1] [0
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f α k = 1 x α + k α , sα n = n
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D R X n 1 1 X C ℓ
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γ2(1/2) = (1/8, 3/4) γ2(1) = (0,
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C = −B ∂yu(x, y) = C/x 1 + y2 y
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dy N(x, y) = − dx M(x, y) N M
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2xy dx + (x 2 + 1) dy = 0 (x 2 + y
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x − c = arcsin(2y − 1) 0 < y
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h(x, y) = 1/(|x| √ x2 − 1)
Page 166 and 167: ˙x = e t−x /x x(α) = 1 α ∈ R
Page 168 and 169: ˙x = x 2 /(1 − tx) x(0) = α α
Page 170 and 171: y ′′′ − 6y ′′ + 11y ′
Page 172 and 173: c ′ 1 (x) cos x + c′ 2 (x) sin
Page 175 and 176: y ′ + y 1 x = tan x sin x y ′
Page 177 and 178: λ 2 − 4λ − 5 = 0, A
Page 179 and 180: F (x, y, ˙y) = 0, F : A → R A
Page 181 and 182: F (x, y, p) = 0 c = 0 dy = p dx
Page 183: y = xy ′ + f(y ′ ) F (x, y, p
Page 186 and 187: y → 0 −∞
Page 188 and 189: x > 0 x y = ± 1 + x x < 0
Page 191 and 192: [0, π] utt + 2ut − uxx = 0,
Page 193 and 194: e |uk(x, t)| = C −t sin( 4k(1
Page 195: ∞ n=1 bne −x sin nx = x(
Page 198 and 199: T ˙ Tn(t) = −5n 2 Tn(t) Tn(
Page 200 and 201: ⎧ −utt + 3uxx = 0 ]0, π[×]0,
Page 202 and 203: ∆ = 0 λ = −1 µ1 = µ2 = −
Page 204 and 205: x = cos θ y = sin θ F F (co
Page 206 and 207: I := arctan y dx − xy dy γ γ
Page 208 and 209: f(ρ) f ′ (ρ) = 4ρ3 + 36ρ 8
Page 210 and 211: Jac ϕ(θ, y) = ⎛ ⎜ ⎝ − y
Page 212 and 213: z = (x, y) ˙z = Az + B(t)
Page 214 and 215: Q0 Q2 Q1 Q1
Page 219 and 220: 2π xt sin t F (x) = e dt x ∈ R
Page 221 and 222: xz 3 dx dy dz, T T y
Page 223 and 224: α > 0 lim (x,y)→(0,0) (x,y)=(0,0
Page 225 and 226: F (0, 1) = 0 ∂yF (x, y) = 3y 2
Page 227 and 228: (u + v) D 2 + (u − v) 2 1 + 2(u2
Page 229 and 230: α = = 2 3 π. 2π 0
Page 231 and 232: F D z = 0 (0,
Page 233 and 234: y ′ = 2xy − x y(0) = 3/2
Page 235 and 236: Γ f(x, y) = 0 f : R 2 → R
Page 237 and 238: ∇f(x0, y0) = (0, 0) (x0, y0)
Page 239 and 240: ϕ : I ×J → R 3 I, J R
Page 241 and 242: ψ(a, t) = ψ(b, t) t ∈]c, d[
Page 243 and 244: [
Page 245 and 246: Y K Ω R × Ω I R f :
Page 247 and 248: 1 ω(x, y) = M(x, y) dx + N(x, y)
Page 249 and 250: M(x, y) dx + N(x, y) dy = 0 1 M, N
Page 251: x, y z dy dz
Page 254 and 255: f(x) = N(x) Ak1 = + D(x) x − xk
Page 256 and 257: Φ y ′ = A(t) y ′ = A(t)
Page 258 and 259: det P = 4 √ 7 = 0 P −1 AP
Page 260 and 261: y ′′ (t) + py ′ (t) + qy(t) =
Page 262 and 263: y(0) = c1 + d1 = 1 ˙y(t) = (−c1
Page 264 and 265: a ′ x + b ′ y + c ′ = 0
Page 266 and 267:
η2 g g(η) > 0 y0 < η <
Page 269 and 270:
2 × 2 F ∈ R[x] n
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2 × 2 t ↦→ x(
Page 274 and 275:
∆ < 0 α = −d 2c ω = √ |
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a = 0 b = 0 c = 0 ⎧ ⎪⎨ b
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SO(3) U(3) := {O ∈
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SO(3) Aξ = ω × ξ ξ
Page 284 and 285:
x 2 + y 2 = 1 x 2 − y 2 = 1
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1 arcsin(x) + x − x2 dx = √ 1
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z 1 + cos z cos = ± 2 2 z 1
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