pdf (it, 2.898,97 KB, 25/01/13)

K
Y K = R C Y = R n
I R
t ∈ R A ∈ Matn×n(C)
e tA = (tA) j
A
j!
j∈N
λ1, ..., λn e tA
eλ1t , ..., eλnt P P AP −1 = D P etAP −1 = etD K[x]
K N, D ∈ R[x]
f(x) = N(x)/D(x) N D
f
D N
N D
Q, R ∈ R[x] f(x) = Q(x) + R(x)/D(x)
f Q
R(x)/D(x) R D
f(x) = N(x)/D(x) N, D
D N
x1, ..., xd ∈ R D α1 + iβ1, α1 − iβ1, ..., αh +
iβh, αh − iβh ∈ C \ R D D
Akjk , Bℓ sℓ , Cℓ sℓ ∈ R f
xk νk
Ak1
+
x − xk
Ak2
+ ... +
(x − xk) 2 Akνk
(x − xk) νk
αℓ + iβℓ αℓ − iβℓ
µℓ
Bℓ 1x + Cℓ 1
(x − αℓ) 2 + β 2 ℓ
+
Bℓ 2x + Cℓ 2
((x − αℓ) 2 + β2 ℓ )2 + ... + Bℓ µℓx + Cℓ µℓ
((x − αℓ) 2 + β2 .
)µℓ
ℓ