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2 × 2 <br />

b = 0 ˙x y <br />

˙x = ax + f(t) φ(c1, t) <br />

c1 ˙y = dy+cφ(c1, t)+g(t) <br />

y <br />

c1 c2<br />

c = 0 x y<br />

A B(t) H(t) <br />

y B(t) <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

a b<br />

f(t)<br />

b f(t)<br />

A = , B(t) = , H(t) =<br />

.<br />

c d<br />

g(t)<br />

d g(t)<br />

T = tr(A) = a + d A D = det(A) = ad − bc <br />

A h(t) = det(H(t)) = bg(t) − df(t) <br />

b = 0 c = 0<br />

<br />

x<br />

by = ˙x − ax − f(t)<br />

<br />

<br />

˙y = cx + dy + g(t)<br />

b ˙y = ¨x − a ˙x − f ′ (t)<br />

˙y <br />

b(cx + dy + g(t)) = ¨x − a ˙x − f ′ (t).<br />

¨x − a ˙x − bcx − bdy − f ′ (t) − bg(t) = 0<br />

by <br />

¨x − a ˙x − bcx − d( ˙x − ax − f(t)) − f ′ (t) − bg(t) = 0.<br />

x<br />

<br />

¨x − a ˙x − bcx − d ˙x + adx + df(t) − f ′ (t) − bg(t) = 0.<br />

¨x − (a + d) ˙x + (ad − bc)x + df(t) − f ′ (t) − bg(t) = 0<br />

¨x − T ˙x + D x = ψ(t) ψ(t) = f ′ (t) + h(t)<br />

<br />

<br />

λ 2 − T λ + D = 0,<br />

A det(A − λId) = 0<br />

<br />

T 2 − 4D > 0 λ1 = (T −<br />

√ T 2 − 4D)/2 λ2 = (T + √ T 2 − D)/2 <br />

Φ(c1, c2, t) = c1e λ1t + c2e λ2t c1, c2 ∈ R<br />

T 2 − 4D < 0 λ1 =<br />

T +iβ λ2 = T −iβ β = |T 2 − 4D| <br />

Φ(c1, c2, t) = c1e T t cos(βt) + c2e T t sin(βt) c1, c2 ∈ R<br />

T 2 − 4D = 0 λ = T<br />

Φ(c1, c2, t) = c1e T t + c2te T t <br />

c1, c2 ∈ R

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