qronika+243
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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
merab kostava ruseT-<br />
marTalia, erovnul-ganmaTa-<br />
doroTe giTolendia<br />
visuflebeli moZraobis erT-<br />
erTi TvalsaCino lideris, merab<br />
kostavas damokidebuleba ruseTisadmi da misi Sexedulebebi<br />
sayovelTaod cnobilia, magram sainteresoa, ras miiCnevda<br />
saqarTvelos erovnuli gmiri ruseTTan urTierTobis amosaval<br />
wertilad da rogor afasebda ruseT-saqarTvelos or-<br />
saukunovan urTierTobebs?<br />
gagrZeleba. dasawyisi<br />
ix. „qronika+” #21<br />
„qronika+~ aqveynebs merab ko-<br />
stavas Canawers, romelic dResac<br />
aqtualuria.<br />
ra mizani amoZravebdaT bolSevikebs?<br />
ra iyo motivi maTi moqmedebisa?<br />
ram moiyvana isini saqarTveloSi?<br />
bolSevikebs namdvilad<br />
ar moepovebodaT iuridiuli safuZveli<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobis<br />
kanongareSe gamocxadebisa, miT<br />
umetes, rom maTac cnes manamde<br />
saqarTvelo, rogorc damoukidebeli<br />
saxelmwifo. im mTavrobas<br />
ukanonoba ar Caudenia arc xelisuflebis<br />
mopovebisas da arc Semdgom,<br />
sxva saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobaSi.<br />
mas arc romelime kanonieri<br />
mTavroba daumxia da arc vismesTvis<br />
gamoucxadebia samarTliani Tu<br />
usamarTlo omi, arc raime mavne<br />
antihumanuri propaganda gauwevia<br />
da arc represiebiT Seuwuxebia<br />
Tavisi xalxi. es iyo arc Tu Zlieri,<br />
Cveulebrivi mTavroba, romlis<br />
msgavsi SeiZleba hyavdes nebismier<br />
suverenul saxelmwifos. man<br />
rom qarTveli xalxi farTe mas-<br />
Stabis moqmedebaSi ver moiyvana, es<br />
rodi niSnavs, rom xalxi antipaTiurad<br />
iyo misadmi ganwyobili da<br />
survili ar hqonda, sakuTari mTavroba<br />
hyoloda. xalxma mas mxari<br />
dauWira, ibrZola kidec medgrad<br />
da mosulebs winaaRmdegoba gauwia<br />
imdenad, ramdenadac am mTavrobam<br />
SeZlo misi Zalebis mobilizeba.<br />
zedmetia mtkiceba imisa, rom<br />
qarTvel xalxs Cagrulis pozicia<br />
ekava da ganTavisuflebas eswrafoda;<br />
arc sakuTari saxelmwifos<br />
gauqmebas lamobda igi, radgan ar<br />
arsebobs dedamiwis zurgze eri,<br />
msgavsi survili rom amoZravebdes<br />
an saidan unda scodnoda qarTvel<br />
xalxs, Tu ras hpirdebodnen axlad<br />
mosulni Zvelis magier?<br />
erT-erTi umTavresi mizani ruseTis<br />
bolSevikuri xelisuflebis<br />
saTaveSi mosvlisTanave iyo saku-<br />
Tari ideologiisa da saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
wyobilebis gavrceleba<br />
yofili ruseTis imperiis mTel<br />
teritoriaze, rusuli enis gavrcelebis<br />
areSi, yvela im punqtSi,<br />
sadac ki rodesme aralegaluri<br />
ujredi dauarsebiaT ideologiuri<br />
muSaobisa da politikuri aqciebis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad. maT rigebSi<br />
iyvnen yofili imperiis sxvadasxva<br />
kuTxidan mosuli pirebi,<br />
romelTa prestiJisaTvis, rogorc<br />
Cans, didi mniSvneloba hqonda am<br />
ideologiisa da wyobilebis gamarjvebas<br />
maTi yofili moqmedebis<br />
areSi.<br />
is, vinc mieswrafis socialisturi<br />
wyobilebis mTel msoflio-<br />
Si gavrcelebas, cxadia, daiwyebda<br />
iqidan, sadac ufro iolad miuwvdeboda<br />
xeli. amgvari miznebis ganxorcielebas<br />
ruseTis bolSevikurma<br />
mTavrobam Semdegi iuridiuli<br />
26<br />
`zeerovnulobisa da internacionalizmis<br />
safuZveli ara enis, aramed azris fenomenSi<br />
unda veZioT, radgan azria WeSmaritad<br />
zeerovnuli bunebisa, myari da ucvleli<br />
nebimsier enaze gamoxatvisas. magram<br />
martooden azri rodia zeerovnulobis<br />
dasayrdeni. ise, viT erTia nebismieri<br />
erovnebis warmomadgenlisaTvis sizmrebis<br />
samyaro, miTosuri epoqidan dRemde, aseve<br />
zeerovnulia simbolikis ena, risTvisac<br />
RaRadebs simboluri anbanis, xatovan-<br />
simboluri niSnebis identuroba sxvadasxva<br />
xalxTan, zeerovnulia mSveniereba saxviTobisa<br />
Tu ferwerisa xelovnebaSi, agreTve, ena<br />
musikisa, romelsac Targmna ar sWirdeba~<br />
gamarTleba mounaxa: Tuki nebismier<br />
mimdebare qveyanaSi maTi momxreebisgan<br />
Semdgari TviT umciresi<br />
jgufic ki sTxovda mas SeiaraRebul<br />
daxmarebas adgilobrivi<br />
wyobilebis dasamxobad, sakuTari<br />
ideologiisa da wyobilebis erTaderT<br />
marTebul wyobilebad miCnevis<br />
safuZvelze da proletariulinternacionaluri<br />
solidarobis<br />
sababiT igi amgvari Carevis uflebas<br />
aZlevda sakuTar Tavs, rac xsenebul<br />
saxelmwifoSi SeiaraRebuli<br />
ZalebiT SeWras niSnavda. ideologiur<br />
an religiur safuZvelze<br />
sxva qveynis saqmeebSi SeiaraRebuli<br />
Carevis msgavs precedentebs<br />
adrec hqonia adgili msoflios<br />
istoriaSi da es ambavi bolSevikebis<br />
gamonagoni ar gaxlavT.<br />
swored amgvari ideologiuri<br />
motiviT da moqmedebis eqspansiuri<br />
formiT SemoiWrnen da damkvidrdnen<br />
bolSevikebi saqarTveloSi da<br />
imis dasamtkiceblad, rom maT moqmedebas<br />
araferi aqvs saerTo velikorusuli<br />
dampyrobluri politikis<br />
gamovlinebasTan, rogorsac<br />
adgili hqonda georgievskis<br />
traqtatis darRvevisas, gauqmebuli<br />
qarTuli saxelmwifos nacvlad<br />
maT raime iseTi unda SemoeTavazebinaT,<br />
rasac, maTis azriT, unda<br />
uvnebeleyo amgvari saxis mosalodenli<br />
braldeba. ruseTSi Semaval<br />
olqad saqarTvelos gamocxadebis<br />
sakiTxi arc ki wamoWrila,<br />
radgan gabaTilebis nacvlad igi<br />
aSkarad cxadyofda amgvari braldebis<br />
siswores.<br />
xelaRebiT iqna uaryofili qarTvel<br />
bolSevikTa erTi jgufis<br />
mier SemoTavazebuli proeqti, romelic<br />
axlad damyarebuli wyobilebis<br />
SenarCunebiT saqarTvelos<br />
ruseTisagan srul gamocalkevebas<br />
iTvaliswinebda. da vinaidan „uklonistebad”<br />
saxeldebuli es dajgufeba<br />
principulad moiTxovda<br />
am proeqtis ganxorcielebas, es Sinapartiuli<br />
konfliqti am jgufis<br />
likvidaciiT damTavrda. rogorc<br />
Cans, zemoxsenebuli proeqtis uarmyoflebs<br />
ar hqondaT imedi ruse-<br />
Tis gareSe saqarTveloSi axlad<br />
damyarebuli wyobilebis SenarCunebisa<br />
da bolos, bolSevikebma axali<br />
tipis eqsperimentuli saxelmwifo<br />
SesTavazes xalxebs, riTac<br />
pirvelad gadadges praqtikuli<br />
nabiji daaxloebiT imgvari mravalferovani<br />
saxelmwifos Sesaqmnelad,<br />
ase saocrad rom Camohgavs<br />
germaneli filosofosis, fridrix<br />
emanuel kantis mier aprioruli<br />
meTodiT mikvleuli saxelmwifos<br />
proeqts (msgavsia mxolod erovnuli<br />
struqturis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
radgan socialur struqturasa da<br />
ideologiur safuZvels kanti ar<br />
Sehxebia). es iyo sxvadasxva saxelmwifos<br />
gerTianebiT Seqmnili er-<br />
Tiani saxelmwifo, romelSic Ti-<br />
Toeuli maTganis suvereniteti ar<br />
unda xelyofiliyo. uwin ruseTis<br />
imperiad saxeldebuli qveyana axla<br />
sabWoTa socialisturi respublikebis<br />
kavSirad iwodeboda da<br />
erovnuli sxvaobis mixedviT ganiyofoda<br />
respublikebad, avtonomiur<br />
respublikebad da avtonomiur<br />
olqebad.<br />
TiToeul am saxelmwifo erTeuls<br />
hyavda Tavisi mTavroba, romelic<br />
eqvemdebareboda kavSiriT<br />
Seqmnili erTiani saxelmwifos centralur<br />
xelisuflebas, erTiani<br />
politikuri da ekonomikuri interesebis<br />
gamomxatvels. kantis warmodgeniT,<br />
saxelmwifoebi nebayoflobiT<br />
unda Sekrebiliyvnen erTi<br />
Zlieri saxelmwifos garSemo da<br />
amgvari kavSiri maT Soris mudmivi<br />
mSvidobis garantiad unda qceuliyo.<br />
respublikebad wodebuli saxelmwifoebi,<br />
maT Soris, saqarTvelo,<br />
marTlac, rsfsr-is garSemo<br />
aRmoCndnen Semokrebilni, Tumca<br />
kantis formula nasesxebic ar yofila.<br />
aqve garkveviT unda iTqvas, rom<br />
am xalxebis xelaxali Semokreba<br />
ruseTis garSemo molaparakebebiT<br />
ar momxdara da amdenad arc nebayoflobiTi<br />
yofila. rogorc saqar-<br />
Tvelos magaliTze Cans, igi sabWo-<br />
Ta ruseTis SeiaraRebul ZalTa<br />
CareviT iqna miRweuli. mxolod<br />
amgvari Sekrebis Semdeg iqna SeTavazebuli<br />
erTiani saxelmwifos<br />
zemoxsenebuli proeqti, saxelmwifosi,<br />
romelSic daculi unda yofiliyo<br />
masSi Semavali respublikebis<br />
suvereniteti, ssrk-is konstituciiT<br />
garantirebuli unda<br />
yofiliyo maTi kavSirSi Sesvlisa<br />
Tu kavSiridan gasvlis Tavisufleba.<br />
agreTve Tanasworuflebianoba<br />
TiToeuli erisa, nebismier respublikas<br />
unda hqonoda saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
aRmniSvneli yvela<br />
atributi Tu sakuTari simbolo:<br />
konstitucia, droSa, himni, gerbi<br />
da a. S. erTaSoris urTierTadmokidebulebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT rac<br />
daiwera, umaRlesi samarTlianobis<br />
TvalsazrisiT daiwera da yvelaferi<br />
damokidebuli iyo imaze, Tu<br />
erTa Soris uZlieresi rogor gaatarebda<br />
cxovrebaSi qaRaldze<br />
aRniSnuls. masze iyo damokidebuli<br />
yvela nebayoflobiTobis cxovrebaSi<br />
realizeba. respublikaTa<br />
Tanmxlebi sityva mokavSire savsebiT<br />
exmianeboda georgievskis traqtatis<br />
suliskveTebas, xolo sityva<br />
Zmoba ufro met pasuxismgeblobas<br />
gulisxmobda. magram, miuxedavad<br />
SemoTavazebuli pirobebisa,<br />
qarTvel xalxs mainc ar dauklia<br />
mcdeloba damoukideblobis dabrunebisa,<br />
radgan Zalmomreoba, mis<br />
kavSirSi Seyvanis dros rom moxda,<br />
ndobas ukargavda mas imaT mimarT,<br />
viszec uSualod iyo damokidebuli<br />
konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
nebayoflobiTobis cxovreba-<br />
Si realizeba; radgan isic cnobilia,<br />
rom sityva saxelmwifo, rogorc<br />
iZulebis saSualeba, ukve<br />
gamoricxavs nebayofilebas.<br />
nebayofileba adamianis mxolod<br />
RvTisa da moyvasisadmi mimarTebiT<br />
SeiZleba gamoixatos. moqalaqis<br />
saxelmwifosadmi mimarTeba ki<br />
ZiriTadad valdebulebiTia. amiT<br />
gansxvavdeba RvTisa da keisrisadmi<br />
misagebeli. magram valdebulebiTi<br />
SeiZleba iyos iseTi ram, rasac<br />
nebayoflobiTac gaakeTebdi da iseTi<br />
ramac, rasac iZulebiT akeTeb.<br />
idealuria saxelmwifo, romelSic<br />
valdebulebiToba rac SeiZleba<br />
metad uaxlovdeba nebayoflobi-<br />
Tobas. magram amgvari idealurobisadmi<br />
rwmena qarTvelebSi Searyia<br />
maT mimarT dasawyisSive Cadenilma<br />
Zalmomreobam, rasac mohyva<br />
1924 wlis gamosvlebi, patriarq ambrosi<br />
xelaias mier genuis erovnebaTa<br />
konferenciaze gagzavnili<br />
memorandumi, mweral konstantine<br />
gamsaxurdias Ria werili leninisadmi<br />
da a. S. yovelive es Tvalna-<br />
Tliv metyvelebda qarTveli xalxis<br />
mcdelobaze, daebrunebina saqarTvelosaTvis<br />
imgvari damoukidebloba,<br />
Tavad rom miaCnda idealad.<br />
gamosvlebs moyva sisxliani<br />
represiebi.<br />
ambrosi xelaia Tanamosaydreeb-<br />
Tan erTad daapatimres da gaacimbires.<br />
patimrobaSi aiyvanes konstantine<br />
gamsaxurdiac da sami<br />
wliT solovkebSi gadaasaxles, xolo<br />
respublikaTa kavSirSi Sesvlisa<br />
Tu kavSiridan gasvlis nebayoflobiToba<br />
miuwvdomel qimerad<br />
rCeboda, radgan am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT<br />
erTxelac ki ar miumarTavT<br />
Ria referendumisTvis, romlis<br />
gareSec warmoudgenelia zustad<br />
gansazRvra da dadgena xalxis<br />
survilisa.<br />
mas mere sakmaod bevrma wyalma<br />
Caiara. Taobas Taoba mohyva da ur-<br />
TierTobebSic bevri ram gairkva.<br />
qarTvelma xalxma rom ver daibruna<br />
1921 wels dakarguli saxelmwifo,<br />
amitom xelebs ver daikrefda<br />
kulturul, mecnierul da materialur<br />
saqmeebs RvTis anabrad<br />
ver dastovebda. mas axal, SemoTavazebul<br />
pirobebSi unda ecada<br />
SemoqmedebiTi Zalebi, Seemowmebina<br />
Tavisi samokavSireo uflebebis<br />
iuridiuli simkvidre da mTavari<br />
mokavSiris mimarTebani misadmi da<br />
konstituciuri valdebulebebisadmi.<br />
mas mere bevri xotba da sadRegrZelo<br />
aRvlenila, moTminebis<br />
Tasmebic gawyvetamde daWimula<br />
da pretenziebic cxadia, dagrovda.<br />
da es bunebrivicaa, radgan<br />
araTu saxelmwifoebs, erT WerqveS<br />
mcxovreb or adamiansac ki uCndeba<br />
xSirad pretenzia urTierTis<br />
mimarT.<br />
zogierTi erovnebiT rusi sab-<br />
WoTa moqalaqe sityva pretenziis<br />
xsenebaze namdvilad ver moiTmenda<br />
da ase momigebda: „Tu marTlac<br />
subieqturad ar udgebiT Cveni<br />
26 N22 (243) 3.07-9.07.2018 w.
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