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12 CHAPTER 2. ATMOSPHERE AND REMOTE SENSING Future Work Future work will encompass 1. Continued establishment of a large network of ground based remote sensing instruments to quantify volcanic emissions, which will provide the first comprehensive study of volcanic sulfur and halogen emissions (EU-project NOVAC). 2. Further study of the marine halogen chemistry with particular emphasis on iodine-particle formation (EU-project MAP), nonlinear chemistry, and emission ”hot spots”. 3. Spectroscopic studies of atmospheric particles will be performed within a large long-term intercomparison exercise (EU-project ICARTT). 4. Study of the inter-annual variation of the solar radiation field including 2-D imaging spectroscopy of the radiative properties of the atmosphere with a particular focus on the radiative properties during the life cycle of individual clouds (DFG Forschergruppe ’life cycles of clouds’) 5. Using novel ballon-based instrumentation (Mini-DOAS), the time-dependence of ozone destroying radicals (BrO, and OClO) and inferred reactive chlorine will be investigated from which conclusions on the most important loss reactions for stratospheric ozone in polar winter can be drawn. 6. Investigation of the transport and photochemical processes at the major entrance of tropospheric air into the stratosphere, i.e. the tropical upper troposphere layer/lowermost stratosphere (TTL/LMS). Conclusions will be drawn on the ozone depletion potential of major manmade and naturally emitted ozone destroying chemicals passing the TTL/LMS (EU-project SCOUT-O3). 7. Study of the European carbon balance and in particular the fossil fuel CO2 contribution (EUproject CarboEurope-IP). 8. Within the carbon system, investigation of independent constraints on global carbon exchange as derived from long-term high precision 14 CO2 observations in combination with model studies (DFG project, Atmospheric 14 C). 9. Investigation of the continental European hydrogen budget (in particular the anthropogenic source and the soil sink) using continuous and aircraft observations over Europe and Siberia (EUROHYDROS and TCOS II, submitted EU proposals). Instrument development will be continued, a particular topic being preparation for the new German research aircraft HALO. In this context we are developing novel instruments based on imaging and near-IR spectroscopy. Literature A total of 52 peer reviewed manuscripts where accepted by or appeared in scientific journals. Members of the institute were invited to give one presentation on topics related to atmospheric research at scientific conferences Diploma and Doctoral Theses A total of 1 Diploma theses and 6 Doctoral theses on topics related to atmospheric research were completed in the reporting period.
2.1. TROPOSPHERIC RESEARCH GROUP 13 2.1 Tropospheric Research Group Group members Prof. Dr. U. Platt, Group leader Atmosphere Jessica Balbo, Diploma Student Dipl. Phys. B. Dix, Ph.D. Student Marleen Gillmann, technician Dr. Klaus-Peter Heue, Post-Doc M.Sc. Ossama Ibrahim, Ph.D. Student Dipl. Phys. Christoph Kern, Ph.D. Student Dipl. Phys. Thomas Lehmann, software development Dipl. Phys. André Merten, Ph.D. Student Jan Meinen, Diploma Student (Univ. of Ilmenau, jointly with T. Leisner) Dr. C. Peters, Post Doc Dipl. Phys. Denis Poehler, Ph.D. Student Dipl. Phys. Katja Seitz, Ph.D. Student Susanne Lindauer, technician Dipl Phys. Roman Sinreich, Ph.D. Student Holger Sihler, Diploma Student (University of Jena) Thorsten Stein, Diploma Student Jens Tschritter, Diploma Student Markus Woyde, Diploma Student Abstract Tropospheric research in the IUP concentrates on the processes governing the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere. Of particular interest are release processes of reactive halogen species from a multitude of sources (marine biology, sea spray, volcanoes, etc.) into the troposphere. Consequences for the state of the troposphere are studied together with the other atmospheric subgroups and within national and international collaborations. Scientific Objectives include studies of the processes governing the oxidation capacity of the troposphere. In particular the release and activation processes of reactive halogen species in the troposphere. The questions studied in this year centred on the following questions: • The abundance of reactive halogen species (BrO, IO, OIO, I2) in the marine boundary layer in coastal regions and over the open ocean. • The abundance of reactive halogen species, in particular BrO, and related species like NO2, NO3 and CH2O in the free troposphere. • The rate of volcanic emissions of SO2 and reactive halogen species, e.g. BrO, ClO, OClO. • Modelling and observational studies of the chemical evolution of reactive halogen species in volcanic plumes, in particular with respect to processes after mixing of O2 and O3 into the originally reducing gases emanating from the lava. • Determination of two-dimensional trace gas distributions. Overarching topic Studies of radical processes in tropospheric chemistry, the oxidation capacity of the troposphere, i.e. the capacity of the atmosphere to clean itself from natural and anthropogenic pollutants. The role of aerosol particles in atmospheric radiation. Background Free radicals play a pivotal role in atmospheric chemistry. Despite their exceedingly small concentration (mixing ratios around < 10 −12 to about 10 −10 ), these species are the driving force for most chemical processes in the atmosphere. While the role of hydrogen radicals (OH, HO2) is relatively well studied and largely understood, other free radicals like halogen atoms or halogen oxides (e.g. IO, BrO, ClO) have been neglected until recently. In particular, at the levels suggested by the available
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2.6. CARBON CYCLE GROUP 85 2.6.2 In
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2.6. CARBON CYCLE GROUP 87 2.6.4 In
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2.6. CARBON CYCLE GROUP 89 Referenc
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Overview We study the whole range o
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 95 Main methods M
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 97 3.1.1 Unstable
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 99 3.1.3 Physical
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 101 3.1.5 Install
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 103 3.1.7 Simulat
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 105 3.2 Ice an
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 107 Funding
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 109 3.2.2 Clim
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 111 3.2.4 Prog
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 113 Weller, R.
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Overview Werner Aeschbach-Hertig Su
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4.1. GROUNDWATER AND PALEOCLIMATE 1
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134 CHAPTER 4. AQUATIC SYSTEMS 4.2.
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Small-Scale Air-Sea Interaction 5.1
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140 CHAPTER 5. SMALL-SCALE AIR-SEA
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Bibliography 177
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180 CHAPTER 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Butz, A
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182 CHAPTER 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Leigh,
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184 CHAPTER 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Wang, P
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186 CHAPTER 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Kühl,
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7.3. PHD THESES 189 PhD Theses Boss
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7.5. INVITED TALKS 193 Invited Talk
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