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58 CHAPTER 2. ATMOSPHERE AND REMOTE SENSING 9. Marbach et al. [2006d] 10. Pukite et al. [2006b] 11. Pukite et al. [2006c] 12. Pukite et al. [2006a] 13. Sinreich et al. [2006] 14. Wagner et al. [2006d] 15. Wagner et al. [2006c] 16. Wagner et al. [2006f] 17. Wagner et al. [2006g] 18. Wagner et al. [2006h] 19. Wagner et al. [2006b] 20. Wagner et al. [2006i] 21. Wagner et al. [2006a] Diploma Theses PhD Theses 1. Khokhar [2006]
2.4. SATELLITE GROUP 59 2.4.1 Satellite observations of Glyoxal Steffen Beirle (Ulrich Platt, Thomas Wagner) Abstract Spectral measurements from the satellite instrument SCIAMACHY allow to determine column densities of several important atmospheric absorbers. Recently, the absorption strucures of Glyoxal have also been detected in satellite spectra. The mean global glyoxal distribution derived from SCIAMACHY indicates several photochemical hotspots due to anthropogenic emissions as well as biogenic and biomass burning VOC emissions. Figure 2.28: Mean Glyoxal SCD (10 15 molec/cm 2 ) from SCIAMACHY (2003 - 2005). Background Glyoxal (C2H2O2) is formed by the oxidation of several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hence serves as an important indicator for fast VOC chemistry. Glyoxal has characteristic absorption bands in the blue spectral range, allowing remote sensing by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS). Here we present the results of our Glyoxal retrieval from SCIAMACHY spectra. Methods and results The DOAS fit has been implemented for the evaluation of Glyoxal in the spectral range 436-457 nm. Fig. 2.28 shows the resulting mean of the global distribution of Glyoxal. Photochemical hot spots due to anthropogenic activities can clearly be identified, for instance Hong Kong or Los Angeles. Also strong biomass burning events lead to enhanced Glyoxal levels, e.g. in Brasilia. Generally, the detected Glyoxal column densities are high over the tropical rain forest, indicating biogenic VOC emissions. Also over some bioactive oceanic regions enhanced Glyoxal levels are found, possibly indicating VOC emissions over ocean. Outlook/Future work Future efforts will have to be taken to come to more quantitative statements. Especially over oceanic regions, the DOAS fit has to be improved, involving high resolved spectral structures of liquid water and chlorophyll absorption. Ongoing measurements from SCIAMACHY and also GOME-2, launched in November 2006, will lead to reduced statistical errors and will allow to assess several scientific questions like spatial distributions and/or seasonal cycles of VOC emissions or to distinguish between VOC and NOx limited summer smog regimes. Funding DFG / ’Eigene Stelle’. Main publication Wittrock et al. [2006]
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Institut für Umweltphysik und Arbe
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4 CONTENTS 2.4.10 Satellite monitor
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6 CONTENTS
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 109 3.2.2 Clim
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 111 3.2.4 Prog
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 113 Weller, R.
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Overview Werner Aeschbach-Hertig Su
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4.1. GROUNDWATER AND PALEOCLIMATE 1
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132 CHAPTER 4. AQUATIC SYSTEMS tran
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134 CHAPTER 4. AQUATIC SYSTEMS 4.2.
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Small-Scale Air-Sea Interaction 5.1
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140 CHAPTER 5. SMALL-SCALE AIR-SEA
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Bibliography 177
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180 CHAPTER 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Butz, A
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182 CHAPTER 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Leigh,
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184 CHAPTER 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Wang, P
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186 CHAPTER 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY Kühl,
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7.3. PHD THESES 189 PhD Theses Boss
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7.5. INVITED TALKS 193 Invited Talk
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