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48 CHAPTER 2. ATMOSPHERE AND REMOTE SENSING
Figure 2.23: Upper panel: Comparison of measured (black) and simulated (red) oxygen A-band
spectrum for the observation at Cabauw (NL) on May 11, 2003 at UT 14:59. The identification of the
oxygen A-band and solar Fraunhofer lines is given next to the respective lines. Middle panel: Residual
spectrum taken as the natural logarithm of the ratio of measured and simulated spectrum, hence the
natural units of vertically integrated optical density (VOD) or air-mass. Lower panel: Inferred photon
path PDF, assuming a Γ-distribution for the in-cloud transfer (adopted from Scholl et al. [2006]).
Main activities
The activities in 2006 concentrated on the dissemination of the results obtained in past studies.
Cooperation within the institute and with groups outside the institute
Activity (1) as given in methods has been performed within a French-German collaboration with the
Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire et Applications, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris and
within a collaboration with the IUP at the University of Bremen, Germany. Activity (2) has been
carried out within the framework of the 4-D Cloud project in cooperation with eight institutions
(DWD, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Observatorium Lindenberg; GKSS, Forschungszentrum Geesthacht;
IfM, Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Kiel; IfT, Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Leipzig; IPA,
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Universität Mainz; MIUB, Meteorologisches Institut, Universität
Bonn; MPI-M, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg; TUD, Technische Universität Dresden).
Finally, activity (3) has been performed within a cooperation with partners from the University
of Grenoble, France and the Brazilian military.