Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization - Office of ...

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Plenary Closing Session — Wednesday Afternoon, April 20, 2005 Time Topic Speaker or Location 1:00 – 1:15 p.m. Opening Remarks for Workshop Report Out George Crabtree, Workshop Co-chair, Argonne National Laboratory 1:15 – 2:05 p.m. Solar Electric Panel Survey and Priority Research Directions Presentation 2:05 – 3:00 p.m. Solar Fuels Panel Survey and Priority Research Directions Presentation 3:00 – 3:20 p.m. Break Salon E 3:20 – 4:30 p.m. Cross-cutting Panel Survey and Priority Research and Cross-cutting Research Directions Presentation 238 Solar Electric Panel Solar Fuels Panel Cross-cutting Panel 4:30 – 4:50 p.m. Workshop Concluding Remarks Nathan Lewis, Workshop Chair, California Institute of Technology, and George Crabtree, Workshop Co-chair, Argonne National Laboratory 4:50 – 5:00 p.m. Final Closing Remarks Pat Dehmer, Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences 5:00 – 6:00 p.m. Reception (All) Glen Echo Foyer Area 6:00 p.m. Workshop Adjourns
Agenda for Solar Electric Breakout Sessions Panel Chair: A.J. Nozik Monday, April 18, 2005, 1:30 p.m. – 9:00 p.m. Panel 1A (Inorganic PV) — Glen Echo Room Time Topic Speaker or Location Session 1 1:30 – 1:45 p.m. Sub-panel Co-chairs, H. Atwater and A.J. Nozik 1:45 – 2:15 p.m. Thermodynamic Limits and Approaches to 3rd Generation Photovoltaics (PVs) 239 Peter Würfel 2:15 – 2:45 p.m. New Concepts in Photovoltaics for Widespread Use Antonio Luque 2:45 – 3:15 p.m. Nanocrystals and Solar Photon Conversion Louis Brus 3:15 – 3:45 p.m. Basic Research Needs for Very-high-efficiency III-V Multijunction Cells 3:45 – 4:00 p.m. Coffee Break 4:00 – 5:45 p.m. Initial Discussion of one-sentence Priority Research Directions (PRDs) Richard King 6:00 – 7:30 p.m. Working Dinner Salon D Session 2 7:30 – 9:00 p.m. Prioritize 3–5 one-sentence PRDs 9:00 – 9:30 p.m. Panel Chair and Sub-panel Co-chairs review PRDs Salon A Panel 1B (Organic PV) — Forest Glen Room Time Topic Speaker or Location Session 1 1:30 – 1:45 p.m. Sub-panel Co-chairs, A.J. Heeger and G. Rumbles 1:45 – 2:15 p.m. Small Molecular Weight Organic Solar Cells: Concepts and Results Steve Forrest 2:15 – 2:45 p.m. Excitonic Solar Cells Brian Gregg 2:45 – 3:15 p.m. Fundamental Processes of Charge Injection, Transport, and Charge Separation in Organic Materials 3:15 – 3:45 p.m. Polymer and Hybrid Solar Cells: Status and Challenges 3:45 – 4:00 p.m. Coffee Break 4:00 – 5:45 p.m. Initial Discussion of one-sentence PRDs Daryl Smith 6:00 – 7:30 p.m. Working Dinner Salon D Session 2 7:30 – 9:00 p.m. Prioritize 3–5 one-sentence PRDs 9:00 – 9:30 p.m. Panel Chair and Sub-panel Co-chairs review PRDs Salon A Rene A.J. Janssen
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On the Cover: One route to harvesti
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Revisions, September 2005 p ix, par
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CONTENTS (CONT.) Appendix 4: Additi
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OEC oxygen-evolving complex PCET pr
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viii
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thin films, organic semiconductors,
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genetic sequencing, protein product
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INTRODUCTION The supply and demand
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showing promise to overcome them. T
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GLOBAL ENERGY RESOURCES 7
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energy can be exploited on the need
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BASIC RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR SOLAR
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CONVERSION OF SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRI
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PHYSICS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS Inorg
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Figure 4 Learning curve for PV prod
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Needs of Direct-gap, Thin-film Phot
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Figure 6 Current record efficiencie
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devices. The molecules and material
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Figure 8 Structure for high-efficie
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One critical property of the photoa
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PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE CELLS
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BASIC RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR SOLAR
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information about the proteins that
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convert it into H2 and liquid fuels
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charge separation ensures highly ef
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Efficient Photo-initiated Charge Se
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artificial RCs, have proven to be i
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CATALYSTS FOR CO2 REDUCTION Photo-d
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Upon photoexcitation, the electron
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(5) determining the physical and ch
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following challenges must be met: (
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A.F. Heyduk and D.G. Nocera, “Hyd
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J. Seth, V. Palaniappan, R.W. Wagne
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THREE TYPES OF CONCENTRATED SOLAR
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Solar Thermal to Electric Energy Co
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Tm = mean temperature Z = measure o
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control and further diode developme
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An overview of solar thermochemical
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for electron and phonon band struct
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coefficient. The thermal conductivi
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J.J. Greffet, R. Carminati, K. Joul
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CROSS-CUTTING RESEARCH CHALLENGES B
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ange of time and length scales span
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Research Issues Advances in the syn
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Advances across several science fro
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Figure 19 Transparent conductive el
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Carrier generation, relaxation, and
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E. Hutter and J.H. Fendler, “Expl
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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Revolu
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RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Several paths e
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Multiple Energy Level Solar Cells I
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Strain Relaxation. Growth of layers
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the relevant elastic and inelastic
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A.J. Nozik, “Quantum Dot Solar Ce
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these new organic structures, and t
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Figure 30 Schematic diagram (right)
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carrier injection between the indiv
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108
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Figure 32 One important example of
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interface for charge separation. Fo
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• Light harvesting, • Advanced
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116
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Multicomponent structures are often
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REFERENCES A.J. Bard and M.A. Fox,
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PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOFUEL PROD
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een made in identifying and charact
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126
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SUMMARY OF RESEARCH DIRECTION The k
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developing multi-electron catalytic
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coupling in multi-cofactor-containi
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134
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low toxicity, and processibility. T
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8 electrons) are extremely limited.
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largely unknown are the fundamental
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nanostructure design, and developme
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ealize an efficient artificial phot
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Figure 46 Defect-tolerant solar cel
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equired 20-30 years of operation to
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H2SO4 at 1,130K, and the University
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the sequestration step, these solar
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P. von Zedtwitz and A. Steinfeld,
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The continued advances in energy- a
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for the detailed understanding and
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160
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A shortcoming of this approach is t
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of ~2.4 at 300K and quantum-dot PbT
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High-throughput Experimental Screen
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Solar Concentrators and Hot Water H
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G. Chen, M.S. Dresselhaus, J.-P. Fl
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Materials and Processing Methods to
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materials and fabrication approache
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multi-electron H2O and CO2 activati
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178
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180
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and quantum dots. Quantum dots are
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184
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186
Page 202 and 203: Flux (mA/eV.cm2 Flux (mA/eV.cm ) 2
Page 204 and 205: Table 1 Worldwide PV Module Product
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Page 208 and 209: Table 2 Are There Enough Materials
Page 210 and 211: passivating window and back-surface
Page 212 and 213: R.R. King, C.M. Fetzer, K.M. Edmond
Page 214 and 215: currently accounting for only a sma
Page 216 and 217: Anaerobic Digestion One gasificatio
Page 218 and 219: Electrolysis is the process for bre
Page 220 and 221: alkaline electrolyzers require a mi
Page 222 and 223: maintenance costs of the small prod
Page 224 and 225: P. Courty, P. Chaumette, and C. Rai
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Page 228 and 229: periods and extend the system opera
Page 230 and 231: When ηopt < 1, Equation (2) become
Page 232 and 233: Receiver & Power Conversion Unit So
Page 234 and 235: Figure 77 General concept of solar-
Page 236 and 237: Other areas whose development could
Page 238 and 239: THERMOPHOTOVOLTAICS Thermophotovolt
Page 240 and 241: N. Benz and Th. Kuckelkorn, “A Ne
Page 242 and 243: R.A. Sherif, H.L. Cotal, R.R. King,
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Page 246 and 247: Sub-panelists Edmond Amouyal, Centr
Page 248 and 249: Terry Tritt, Clemson University Joh
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Page 254 and 255: Panel 1C (Photoelectrochemistry)
Page 256 and 257: Agenda for Solar Fuels Breakout Ses
Page 258 and 259: Tuesday, April 19, 2005, 8:00 a.m.
Page 260 and 261: Wednesday, April 20, 2005, 8:00 a.m
Page 262 and 263: Wednesday, April 20, 2005, 8:00 a.m
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Page 266 and 267: R. Corkish, S. Kettemann, and J. Ne
Page 268 and 269: T. Polivka and V. Sundstrom, “Ult
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Page 272 and 273: 258
Page 274 and 275: microscopy, 81, 85, 101, 155-157, 1
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