- Page 2 and 3: On the Cover: One route to harvesti
- Page 4 and 5: Revisions, September 2005 p ix, par
- Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS (CONT.) Appendix 4: Additi
- Page 8 and 9: OEC oxygen-evolving complex PCET pr
- Page 10 and 11: viii
- Page 12 and 13: thin films, organic semiconductors,
- Page 14 and 15: genetic sequencing, protein product
- Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION The supply and demand
- Page 19 and 20: showing promise to overcome them. T
- Page 21: GLOBAL ENERGY RESOURCES 7
- Page 24 and 25: energy can be exploited on the need
- Page 28 and 29: i.e., when the path through the atm
- Page 30 and 31: TYPES OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS All PV
- Page 32 and 33: Figure 3 Improvements in solar cell
- Page 34 and 35: annual production growth rate; see
- Page 36 and 37: achieve dramatic improvements in th
- Page 38 and 39: INORGANIC PV CELLS Inorganic PV cel
- Page 40 and 41: Properties of Organic and Hybrid Ph
- Page 42 and 43: ORGANIC PV CELLS Organic solar cell
- Page 44 and 45: PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SOLAR CELLS Ph
- Page 46 and 47: A. Marti and A. Luque (Eds.), Next
- Page 48 and 49: The key challenges involved in cost
- Page 50 and 51: ethanol selling price is $2.70/gal.
- Page 52 and 53: LH1-RC 35 ps HOW DO PHOTOSYNTHETIC
- Page 54 and 55: difference between the primary dono
- Page 56 and 57: Efficient Photoinduced Charge Separ
- Page 58 and 59: eactions must produce the desired f
- Page 60 and 61: Nocera 2001). All water oxidation c
- Page 62 and 63: BASIC SCIENCE CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNI
- Page 64 and 65: Bio-inspired Approaches to Photoche
- Page 66 and 67: CONCLUSION The efficient production
- Page 68 and 69: W. Lin and H. Frei, “Photochemica
- Page 71 and 72: BASIC RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR SOLAR
- Page 73 and 74: Direct Sunlight Tubular Receiver Li
- Page 75 and 76: THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS AND DEVICE
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10,000. Compared with nonconcentrat
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65 Means to store and transport sol
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innovation by incorporating the sol
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2002), left-handed materials, and d
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REFERENCES T. Aicher, P. Kästner,
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D.J. Sing, “Theoretical and Compu
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A key feature of all nanoscale mate
- Page 92 and 93:
Figure 17 Control of light fields u
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Figure 18 Concentration of sunlight
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Another critical research need for
- Page 98 and 99:
important new experimental and comp
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must have high latent heat density
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GENERAL REFERENCE E.L. Wolf, Nanoph
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REVOLUTIONARY PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES:
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Multiple Exciton Generation Solar C
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SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES Despite the p
- Page 111 and 112:
Control over Nucleation and Growth
- Page 113 and 114:
dispersion. These structures can co
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MAXIMUM ENERGY FROM SOLAR PHOTONS A
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wettability or post-deposition cros
- Page 119 and 120:
process of charge carrier recombina
- Page 121 and 122:
W.U. Huynh, X. Peng, and P. Alivisa
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NANOSTRUCTURES FOR SOLAR ENERGY CON
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nanoscience. This efficiency object
- Page 127 and 128:
Multijunction Multiphoton Devices M
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thickness to 1-2 μm. Enhancing cha
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FUELS FROM WATER AND SUNLIGHT: NEW
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can be used to reduce the light sca
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LEVERAGING PHOTOSYNTHESIS FOR SUSTA
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of high-value chemicals. Modern mol
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established biotechnology used worl
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USING A BIO-INSPIRED SMART MATRIX T
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NEW SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES Making
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Figure 40 X-ray diffraction determi
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RELEVANCE AND POTENTIAL IMPACT The
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SOLAR-POWERED CATALYSTS FOR ENERGY-
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While these essential features of c
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BIO-INSPIRED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES F
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structures. Supramolecular organiza
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Develop Charge Transport Structures
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ACHIEVING DEFECT-TOLERANT AND SELF-
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NEW SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES Develo
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SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL FUEL PRODUCTIO
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the reactor system — ZnO surface
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structural materials at T>800°C an
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NEW EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL TO
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Important examples include a combin
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will require significant new progre
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SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION MATERIALS B
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transport properties. For nanostruc
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midnight Sunlight noon midmidnightn
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Role of Interfaces in Nanocomposite
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Figure 59 Illustration of various s
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MATERIALS ARCHITECTURES FOR SOLAR E
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“bottom-up” construction of ino
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Self-organized Hierarchical Structu
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TMS will be used to discover the de
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CONCLUSION 179
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CONCLUSION Global demand for energy
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mediate solar conversion. These eme
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APPENDIX 1: TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS
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SOLAR ELECTRICITY BACKGROUND OF PHO
- Page 203 and 204:
Cost of PV Electricity The cost of
- Page 205 and 206:
Non-ingot-based Technologies. Silic
- Page 207 and 208:
Copper Indium Diselenide. From virt
- Page 209 and 210:
Concentrators The key elements of a
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Organic and Nanotechnology Solar Ce
- Page 213 and 214:
SOLAR FUELS There are currently two
- Page 215 and 216:
(3) Resource inventories (which can
- Page 217 and 218:
hydrolysis of the hemicellulose, fo
- Page 219 and 220:
At the PEM system electrodes, this
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Costs of Hydrogen Production with C
- Page 223 and 224:
$/kg Hydrogen Cost 25.00 20.00 15.0
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H. Schulz and B. Eder, Bioga Praxis
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SOLAR THERMAL AND THERMOELECTRICS T
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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
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Direct Sunlight Tubular Receiver 21
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Receiver & Power Conversion Unit 21
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A number of multistep thermal proce
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The best commercial materials are a
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Thermal Management TPV Cells Power
- Page 241 and 242:
U. Herrmann, F. Graeter, and P. Nav
- Page 243 and 244:
APPENDIX 2: WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS 2
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Workshop for Basic Research Needs f
- Page 247 and 248:
Zakya Kafafi, U.S. Naval Research L
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APPENDIX 3: WORKSHOP PROGRAM 235
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Workshop for Basic Research Needs f
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Agenda for Solar Electric Breakout
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Wednesday, April 20, 2005, 8:00 a.m
- Page 257 and 258:
Panel 2C (Photocatalytic Cycles and
- Page 259 and 260:
Agenda for Cross-cutting Breakout S
- Page 261 and 262:
Agenda for Cross-cutting Breakout S
- Page 263 and 264:
APPENDIX 4: ADDITIONAL READING 249
- Page 265 and 266:
ADDITIONAL READING D.M. Adams, L. B
- Page 267 and 268:
A. Kogan, E. Spiegler, and M. Wolfs
- Page 269 and 270:
P. Würfel, “Thermodynamic Limita
- Page 271 and 272:
INDEX 257
- Page 273 and 274:
iofuels, 48, 121-125, 199, 201, 202
- Page 275:
DISCLAIMER This report was prepared