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On the Cover: One route to harvesti
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Revisions, September 2005 p ix, par
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CONTENTS (CONT.) Appendix 4: Additi
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OEC oxygen-evolving complex PCET pr
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viii
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thin films, organic semiconductors,
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genetic sequencing, protein product
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INTRODUCTION The supply and demand
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showing promise to overcome them. T
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GLOBAL ENERGY RESOURCES 7
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energy can be exploited on the need
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BASIC RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR SOLAR
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CONVERSION OF SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRI
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PHYSICS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS Inorg
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Figure 4 Learning curve for PV prod
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Needs of Direct-gap, Thin-film Phot
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Figure 6 Current record efficiencie
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devices. The molecules and material
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Figure 8 Structure for high-efficie
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One critical property of the photoa
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PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE CELLS
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BASIC RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR SOLAR
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information about the proteins that
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convert it into H2 and liquid fuels
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charge separation ensures highly ef
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Efficient Photo-initiated Charge Se
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artificial RCs, have proven to be i
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CATALYSTS FOR CO2 REDUCTION Photo-d
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Upon photoexcitation, the electron
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(5) determining the physical and ch
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following challenges must be met: (
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A.F. Heyduk and D.G. Nocera, “Hyd
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J. Seth, V. Palaniappan, R.W. Wagne
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THREE TYPES OF CONCENTRATED SOLAR
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Solar Thermal to Electric Energy Co
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Tm = mean temperature Z = measure o
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control and further diode developme
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An overview of solar thermochemical
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for electron and phonon band struct
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coefficient. The thermal conductivi
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J.J. Greffet, R. Carminati, K. Joul
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CROSS-CUTTING RESEARCH CHALLENGES B
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ange of time and length scales span
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Research Issues Advances in the syn
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Advances across several science fro
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Figure 19 Transparent conductive el
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Carrier generation, relaxation, and
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E. Hutter and J.H. Fendler, “Expl
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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Revolu
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RESEARCH DIRECTIONS Several paths e
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Multiple Energy Level Solar Cells I
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Strain Relaxation. Growth of layers
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the relevant elastic and inelastic
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A.J. Nozik, “Quantum Dot Solar Ce
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these new organic structures, and t
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Figure 30 Schematic diagram (right)
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carrier injection between the indiv
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108
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Figure 32 One important example of
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interface for charge separation. Fo
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• Light harvesting, • Advanced
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116
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Multicomponent structures are often
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REFERENCES A.J. Bard and M.A. Fox,
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PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOFUEL PROD
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een made in identifying and charact
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126
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SUMMARY OF RESEARCH DIRECTION The k
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developing multi-electron catalytic
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coupling in multi-cofactor-containi
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134
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low toxicity, and processibility. T
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8 electrons) are extremely limited.
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largely unknown are the fundamental
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nanostructure design, and developme
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ealize an efficient artificial phot
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Figure 46 Defect-tolerant solar cel
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equired 20-30 years of operation to
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H2SO4 at 1,130K, and the University
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the sequestration step, these solar
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P. von Zedtwitz and A. Steinfeld,
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The continued advances in energy- a
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for the detailed understanding and
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160
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A shortcoming of this approach is t
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of ~2.4 at 300K and quantum-dot PbT
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High-throughput Experimental Screen
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Solar Concentrators and Hot Water H
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G. Chen, M.S. Dresselhaus, J.-P. Fl
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Materials and Processing Methods to
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materials and fabrication approache
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multi-electron H2O and CO2 activati
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178
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180
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and quantum dots. Quantum dots are
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184
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186
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Flux (mA/eV.cm2 Flux (mA/eV.cm ) 2
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Table 1 Worldwide PV Module Product
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Amorphous Silicon. From its discove
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Table 2 Are There Enough Materials
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passivating window and back-surface
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R.R. King, C.M. Fetzer, K.M. Edmond
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currently accounting for only a sma
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- Page 228 and 229: periods and extend the system opera
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- Page 238 and 239: THERMOPHOTOVOLTAICS Thermophotovolt
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- Page 252 and 253: Plenary Closing Session — Wednesd
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- Page 256 and 257: Agenda for Solar Fuels Breakout Ses
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- Page 268 and 269: T. Polivka and V. Sundstrom, “Ult
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